Wednesday, 3 June 2026
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2026. 260505007427: Environmental Clearance Certificate for the subdivision and rezoning of Erf E/5197, Oshakati from "Informal Residential" to "Business" and Erf F/5197 Oshakati from "Informal Residential" to "Local Business", Oshana Region.Activity 5.1 (a) Land Use and Development Activities - The rezoning of land from Residential use to industrial or commercial use.
Wednesday, 3 June 2026
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2026. 260505007430: Environmental Clearance Certificate for the Subdivision of Erf 1508, Otjiwarongo Extension 5, permanent closure and rezoning of Erf A from "Public Open Space" to "Residential 1", Otjiwarongo, Otjozondjupa Region.Activity 5.1 (d) Land Use and Development - The rezoning of land from use for nature conservation or zoned open space to any other land use.
Monday, 1 June 2026
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2026. 260505007431: Environmental Clearance Certificate for the Township Establishment on Portion A of the Remainder of Portion B of The Lüderitz Townlands No 11 to be known as Nautilus Extension 6, Karas Region.Activity 10.1(a) (Infrastructure)- The construction of oil, water, gas and petrochemical and other bulk supply pipelines Activity 10.1 (b) (Infrastructure) The construction of public road Activity 10.2 (a) (Infrastructure) The route determination of roads and design of associated physical infrastructure where - it is a public road.
Monday, 1 June 2026
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2026. 260429007400: Environmental Clearance Certificate for the layout approval and Township Establishment on Consolidated Erf X to be known as Agate Park Proper, Lüderitz, Karas Region.Activity 10.1(a) (Infrastructure) - The construction of oil, water, gas and petrochemical and other bulk supply pipelines; Activity 10.1 (b) Infrastructure - The construction of - Public Roads; Activity 10.2 (a) Infrastructure - The route determination of roads and design of associated physical infrastructure where – it is a public road.
Monday, 4 May 2026
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2026. 260317007176: Environmental Clearance Certificate for the permanent closure of Portions A, B and C as street and Street Creation on Consolidated Erf Z Otjimbingwe, Erongo Region.Activity 5.1 (d) (Land Use and Development- The rezoning of land from use for nature conservation or zoned open space to any other land use. Activity 10.1 (b) Infrastructure - The construction of - Public Roads. Activity 10.2 (a) Infrastructure - The route determination of roads and design of associated physical infrastructure where - it is a public road.
Thursday, 30 April 2026
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2026. 260318007186: Environmental Clearance Certificate for the layout approval and township establishment on consolidated Erf X to be known as Omuthiya Extension 13, Omuthiya, Oshikoto.Activity 5.1 (d) (Land Use and Development - The rezoning of land from use for nature conservation or zoned open space to any other land use Activity 10.1(a) (Infrastructure) - The construction of oil, water, gas and petrochemical and other bulk supply pipelines Activity 10.1 (b) Infrastructure - The construction of - Public Roads. Activity 10.2 (a) Infrastructure - The route determination of roads and design of associated physical infrastructure where - it is a public road.
Thursday, 23 April 2026
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2026. 260316007172: Environmental Clearance Certificate for the Subdivision of Erf 288, permanent closure and amendment of title conditions of newly created Erven A - G as "Public Open Space", to "Residential" Otjimbingwe, Erongo Region.Activity 5.1 (d) (Land Use and Development - The rezoning of land from use for nature conservation or zoned open space to any other land use.
Thursday, 23 April 2026
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2026. 260316007173: Environmental Clearance Certificate for the permanent closure of Portion A (a portion of the Remainder of Portion 2 of the Farm Otjimbingwe No. 104) as street, Otjimbingwe, Erongo Region.Activity 5.1 (d) (Land Use and Development- The rezoning of land from use for nature conservation or zoned open space to any other land use; Activity 10.1 (b) Infrastructure - The construction of – Public Roads. Activity 10.2 (a) Infrastructure - The route determination of roads and design of associated physical infrastructure where - it is a public road.
Thursday, 23 April 2026
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2026. 260318007181: Environmental Clearance Certificate for the permanent closure of Portions A and B as street and Erf 291, Otjimbingwe as Public Open Space, Erongo Region.Activity 5.1 (d) (Land Use and Development - The rezoning of lans from use for nature conservation or zoned open space to any other land use Activity 10.1 (b) Infrastructure - The construction of - Public Roads. Activity 10.2 (a) Infrastructure - The route determination of roads and design of associated physical infrastructure where - it is a public road.
Thursday, 26 February 2026
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2026. 251201006767: Environmental Clearance Certificate for the subdivision, consolidation and street creation on the Remainder of Portion 163 (a portion of Portion 14) of the Farm Nubuamis No. 37.Activity 10.1 (b) Infrastructure- The construction of public roads. Activity 10.2(a) Infrastructure- The route determination of roads and design of associated physical infrastructure where it is a public road.
Thursday, 26 February 2026
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2026. 260130006957: Environmental Clearance Certificate for the rezoning and street creation on Erf 598 Nautilus, Lüderitz, //Karas Region.Activity 5.1 (d) Land Use and Development Activities - Rezoning of land from Use for nature conservation or zoned open space to any other land use Activity 10.1(a) (Infrastructure)- The construction of oil, water, gas and petrochemical and other bulk supply pipelines Activity 10.1 (b) (Infrastructure) The construction of public road Activity 10.2 (a) (Infrastructure) The route determination of roads and design of associated physical infrastructure where - it is a public road.
Thursday, 25 December 2025
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2025. 251202006773: Environmental Clearance Certificate for the street creation on proposed consolidated Portion V, of Lüderitz Town and Townlands No. 11, //Karas Region.Activity 5.1 (d) Land Use and Development Activities - Rezoning of land from Use for nature conservation or zoned open space to any other land use Activity 10.1(a) (Infrastructure) - The construction of oil, water, gas and petrochemical and other bulk supply pipelines Activity 10.1 (b) (Infrastructure) The construction of public road Activity 10.2 (a) (Infrastructure) The route determination of roads and design of associated physical infrastructure where - it is a public road.
Monday, 8 December 2025
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2025. 251028006581: Environmental Clearance Certificate for the Rezoning of Erf 513 (a portion of Erf 148), Okahandja Dorp from "Single Residential" to "Office", Okahandja, Otjozondjupa Region.Activity 5.1 (a) Land Use and Development Activities - The rezoning of land from residential use to industrial or commercial.
Monday, 8 December 2025
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2025. 251016006545: Environmental Clearance Certificate for the proposed township establishment and layout approval of Rose Valley and Rose Valley Extension 1, Gobabis, Omaheke Region.Activity 10.1 (a) Infrastructure The construction of oil, water, gas and petrochemical and other bulk supply pipelines Activity 10.1 (b) (Infrastructure) The construction of public road Activity 10.2 (a) (Infrastructure) The route determination of roads and design of associated physical infrastructure where - it is a public road.
Friday, 5 December 2025
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2025. 251114006670: Environmental Clearance Certificate for the rezoning and consolidation of Erven 3715 and 3728, Goreangab Extension 5, Khomas Region.5.1 (d) Land Use and Development- The rezoning of land from use for nature conservation or zoned open space to any other land use.
Thursday, 16 October 2025
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2025. 250923006468: Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed township establishment of Uupindi Extension 3 on Farm Oshakati Town and Townlands No. 880, Oshana Region.Activity 10.1 (a) Infrastructure - The construction of oil, water, gas and petrochemical and other bulk supply pipelines; Activity 10.1 (b) Infrastructure - The construction of Public roads; Activity 10.2 (a) Infrastructure - The route determination of roads and design of associated physical infrastructure where - it is a public road; Activity 11.2 Other activities - Construction of cemeteries, camping, leisure and recreation sites.
Thursday, 16 October 2025
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2025. 250923006467: Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed township establishment of Uupindi Extension 2 on Farm Oshakati Town and Townlands No. 880, Oshana Region.Activity 10.1 (a) Infrastructure - The construction of oil, water, gas and petrochemical and other bulk supply pipelines Activity 10.1 (b) Infrastructure - The construction of Public roads Activity 10.2 (a) Infrastructure - The route determination of roads and design of associated physical infrastructure where –it is a public road Activity 11.2 Other activities - Construction of cemeteries, camping, leisure and recreation site.
Monday, 13 October 2025
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2025. 250915006421: Environmental Clearance Certificate for the Township Establishment on Portion A, B and C of the Remainder of Farm Omungwelume No. 993 to become known as Omungwelume Extension 2, 3 and 4, Ohangwena Region.Activity 10.1 (a) Infrastructure The construction of oil, water, gas and petrochemical and other bulk supply pipelines Activity 10.1 (b) (Infrastructure) The construction of public road Activity 10.2 (a) (Infrastructure) The route determination of roads and design of associated physical infrastructure where – it is a public road.
Friday, 10 October 2025
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2025. 250915006423: Environmental Clearance Certificate for the township establishment on Portion 23 of the Remainder of Farm Helao Nafidi No. 997 to become known as Oshikango Extension 2, Ohangwena Region.Activity 10.1 (a) Infrastructure - The construction of oil, water, gas and petrochemical and other bulk supply pipelines Activity 10.1 (b) Infrastructure - The construction of public road Activity 10.2 (a) Infrastructure - The route determination of roads and design of associated physical infrastructure where – it is a public road Activity 8.6 Water Resource Development - Construction of industrial and domestic wastewater treatment plants and related pipeline system.
Friday, 10 October 2025
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2025. 250916006432: Environmental Clearance Certificate for the township establishment on Portion 27 of the Remainder of Farm Helao Nafidi No. 997 to become known as Oshikango Extension 8, Ohangwena Region.Activity 10.1 (a) Infrastructure - The construction of oil, water, gas and petrochemical and other bulk supply pipelines Activity 10.1 (b) Infrastructure - The construction of public road Activity 10.2 (a) Infrastructure - The route determination of roads and design of associated physical infrastructure where - it is a public road.
Tuesday, 30 September 2025
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2025. 250626005985: Environmental Clearance Certificate renewal for the Township Establishment and formalization in Otjiwarongo for Extensions 19, 20 and 2, Eie Risiko Proper, Extensions 1 and 2 and Orwetoveni Extensions 16 to 28, formalization of DRC Extension 4 and 5, Tsaraxa-Aibes and Ombili.Activity 10.1 (a) (Infrastructure) The construction of - Oil, water, gas and petro-chemical and other bulk supply pipelines. Activity10.1 (b) (Infrastructure) The construction of - Public roads. Activity 10.2 (a) (Infrastructure) The route determination of roads and design of asso-ciated physical infrastructure where - it is a public road.
Tuesday, 30 September 2025
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2025. 250710006092: Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed subdivision, rezoning and street creation on the Remainder of Erf 214, Klein Windhoek, Khomas Region.Activity 5.1 (d) The rezoning of land from Use for nature conservation or zoned open space to any other land use. Activity 10.1 (b) The construction of public roads. Activity 10.2(a) The route determination of roads and design of associated physical infrastructure where - It is a public road.
Tuesday, 23 September 2025
NAMISUN Environmental Projects and Development 2025. 250225005436: The proposed bulk urban infrastructure development activities in Opuwo, Kunene Region, Namibia.The Development Workshop Namibia (DWN) is implementing the Project "Poverty-Oriented Development of Infrastructure in urban areas of Namibia" with financial support from KfW. The project seeks to contribute to more sustainable and inclusive urban development in Namibia by supporting DWN to plan and develop low-cost residential land with titles in 15 towns across Namibia.
Wednesday, 3 September 2025
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2025. 250813006236: Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed rezoning of Portion H from "Undetermined" to "Special" for the purpose of a Dumpsite on the Remainder of the Farm Rundu Townlands No. 1329, Rundu, Kavango East Region.Activity 5.1 (d) The rezoning of land from - use for nature conservation or zoned open space to any other land use. Activity 2.1 The construction of facilities for waste sites, treatment of waste and disposal of waste.
Wednesday, 3 September 2025
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2025. 250813006237: Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed subdivision, street creation, Rezoning of Portion D from "Undetermined" to "Special" for a Cemetery and registration of a power line servitude on the Remainder of the Farm Rundu Townlands No. 1329, Rundu, Kavango East Region.Activity 5.1 (d) The rezoning of land from - use for nature conservation or zoned open space to any other land use. Activity 10.1 (b) Infrastructure - the construction of public roads. Activity 10.2(a) Infrastructure - the route determination of roads and design of associated physical infrastructure where it is a public road. Activity 11.2 Construction of cemeteries, camping, leisure and recreation sites.
Wednesday, 3 September 2025
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2025. 250813006238: Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed rezoning of Portion E from "Undetermined" to "Special" for a Solar Plant on the Remainder of the Farm Rundu Townlands No. 1329, Rundu, Kavango East Region.Activity 5.1 (d) The rezoning of land from - use for nature conservation or zoned open space to any other land use. Activity 1 The construction of facilities for (a) The generation of electricity. Activity 1 The construction of facilities for (b) The transmission and supply of electricity.
Tuesday, 19 August 2025
NAMISUN Environmental Projects and Development 2025. 250722006155: The proposed powerline of TeraSun Energy (Pty) Ltd near Arandis in Erongo Region.Renewal Application: TeraSun Energy proposes to develop a 82 MWp PV Power Plant east of Arandis. To connect the proposed PV Power Plant with the national grid, a 132 kV interconnection overhead powerline between the PV Power Plant and the Lithops Substation southwest of Arandis is planned. The proposed powerline, which is the subject of this Environmental Clearance Certificate (ECC) Renewal Application, entails the following: 1.
Thursday, 14 August 2025
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2025. 250710006089: Environmental Clearance Certificate for the Street Creation on Portion F of the Remainder of the Farm Rundu Townlands No. 1329, Kavango East Region.Activity10.1 (b) (Infrastructure) The construction of - Public roads. Activity 10.2 (a) (Infrastructure) The route determination of roads and design of associated physical infrastructure where - it is a public road.
Thursday, 14 August 2025
NAMISUN Environmental Projects and Development 2025. 250225005435: The proposed bulk urban infrastructure development activities in Okahao, Omusati Region, Namibia.The Development Workshop Namibia (DWN) is implementing the Project “Poverty-Oriented Development of Infrastructure in urban areas of Namibia” with financial support from KfW. The project seeks to contribute to more sustainable and inclusive urban development in Namibia by supporting DWN to plan and develop low-cost residential land with titles in 15 towns across Namibia.
Monday, 28 July 2025
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2025. 250428005759: Environmental Clearance Certificate for the creation of a 15m wide right of way servitude to be registered against the Remainder of the Farm Helao Nafidi Townlands No. 997 in favour of Portion 63 of the Farm Helao Nafidi Townlands No 997, Ohangwena Region.Activity 10.1 (b) (Infrastructure) The construction of public road; Activity 10.2 (a) (Infrastructure) The route determination of roads and design of associated physical infrastructure where - it is a public road.
Friday, 25 July 2025
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2025. 250616005932: Environmental Clearance Certificate renewal for the Township Establishment, creation of street and installation of bulk services for Cloud 9 Residential Estate, Omaruru, Erongo Region.Activity 10.1 (a) (Infrastructure) The construction of – Oil, water, gas and petrochemical and other bulk supply pipelines. Activity 10.1 (b) (Infrastructure): The construction of – Public roads. Activity 10.2 (a) (Infrastructure): The route determination of roads and design of associated physical infrastructure where – it is a public road. Activity 8.6 Water Resource Developments - Construction of industrial and domestic wastewater treatment plants and related pipeline systems.
Thursday, 17 July 2025
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2025. 250428005758: Environmental Clearance Certificate for the subdivision, rezoning and right of way servitude Registration over the Remainder of the Farm Arandis New Townlands No. 310, Erongo Region.Activity 5.1 (d) Land Use and Development- The rezoning of land from use for nature conservation or zoned open space to any other land use; Activity 10.1 (b) Infrastructure - The construction of Public roads; Activity 10.2 (a) Infrastructure - The route determination of roads and design of associated physical infrastructure where - it is a public road.
Friday, 4 July 2025
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2025. 250618005940: Environmental Clearance Certificate for the Subdivision and Registration of a 15m Right of Way Servitude on the Remainder of the Farm Otavifontein No. 794, Otjozondjupa Region.Activity 10.1 (b) (Infrastructure) The construction of public road Activity 10.2 (a) (Infrastructure) The route determination of roads and design of associated physical infrastructure where - it is a public road
Friday, 4 July 2025
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2025. 250610005902: Environmental Clearance Certificate for the Rezoning of Portion A of Erf 57, Omaruru, from "Single Residential" to "General Business", Erongo Region.Activity 5.1 (a) Land Use and Development Activities - The rezoning of land from Residential use to industrial or commercial use.
Monday, 23 June 2025
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2025. 250410005672: Environmental Clearance Certificate for the Subdivision, Permanent Closure and Rezoning of Erf 3569, Ondangwa Extension 16, Oshana Region.Activity 5.1 (d) Land Use and Development- The rezoning of land from nature conservation or zoned open space to any other land use.
Monday, 23 June 2025
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2025. 250520005817: Environmental Clearance Certificate renewal for the township establishment of Khorixas Extension 9, 10, 11 and 12, creation of street and installation of associated infrastructure.Activity 10.1 (a) (Infrastructure) The construction of - Oil, water, gas and petrochemical and other bulk supply pipelines. Activity 10.1 (b) (Infrastructure): The construction of - Public roads. Activity 10.2 (a) (Infrastructure): The route determination of roads and design of associated physical infrastructure where - it is a public road.
Monday, 26 May 2025
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2025. 250121005198: Environmental Clearance Certificate for rezoning and closure of Erven 6628 - 6638, 6660 - 6682 and Re/1246, Ondangwa Extension 28, Oshana Region.Activity 5.1 (d) Land Use and Development Activities - The rezoning of land from use for nature conservation or zoned open space to any other land use. Activity 10.1 (b) Infrastructure - The construction of Public roads. Activity 10.2 (a) Infrastructure - The route determination of roads and design of associated physical infrastructure where - it is a public road.
Monday, 26 May 2025
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2025. 250121005199: Environmental Clearance Certificate for Rezoning of Erven 6724, 6725, 6726, 6727, 6745, 6755, 6767, 6768, 6769, Ondangwa Extension 28 and Erf Re/1246, Ondangwa Extension 3, Oshana Region.Activity 5.1 (d) Land Use and Development Activities - The rezoning of land from use for nature conservation or zoned open space to any other land use.
Tuesday, 6 May 2025
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2025. 250410005673: Environmental Clearance Certificate for the Rezoning of Erf 119, Oshakati North Proper from "General Residential" to "Accommodation", Oshana Region.Activity 6 Tourism Development Activities- The construction of resorts, lodges, hotels or other tourism and hospitality facilities.
Friday, 25 April 2025
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2025. 250328005562: Environmental Clearance Certificate for the layout approval and township establishment of Okangwena Proper to Okangwena Extension 2, Oshana Region.Activity10.1 (a) Infrastructure - The construction of oil, water, gas and petrochemical and other bulk supply pipelines Activity 10.1 (b) Infrastructure - The construction of public roads. Activity 10.2 (a) Infrastructure- The route determination of roads and design of associated physical infrastructure where it is a public road.
Friday, 20 December 2024
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2024. 241104004899: Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed rezoning of Erf 1187, Rundu Extension 3 from "Residential" to "Office", Kavango East Region.Activity 5.1 (a) Land use and development activities- the rezoning of land from residential use to industrial or commercial use.
Friday, 6 December 2024
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2024. 241104004891: Environmental Impact Assessment for the Township Establishment of Van Rhyn Proper and Van Rhyn Extension 1 on Portions A and B of the Remainder of Keetmanshoop Town and Townlands No. 150, //Karas Region.Activity10.1 (a) Infrastructure- The construction of oil, water, gas and petrochemical and other bulk supply pipelines Activity 10.1 (b) Infrastructure- The construction of Public roads (The proposed project includes the construction of roads) Activity 10.2 (a) Infrastructure- The route determination of roads and design of associated physical infrastructure where - it is a public road; (The proposed project includes the route determination of roads).
Friday, 6 December 2024
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2024. 241106004907: Environmental Clearance Certificate renewal for the proposed Township Establishment of Omdel Extension 6, Henties Bay, Erongo Region.Activity 8.8 (Water resource developments) Construction and other activities within a catchment area. Activity 10.1 (a) (Infrastructure) The construction of - Oil, water, gas and petrochemical and other bulk supply pipelines. Activity 10.1 (b) Infrastructure The construction of Public roads Activity 10.2 (a) Infrastructure The route determination of roads and design of associated physical infrastructure where – it is a public road.
Monday, 2 December 2024
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2024. 241018004830: Environmental Impact Assessment for the Subdivision of Erf 2129, Oranjemund Extension 3 into Erf A and the Remainder; and Rezoning of Erf A/2129 (a portion of Erf 2129), Oranjemund Extension 3 from "General Residential" to "Office" with a bulk of 1.5., Oranjemund, //Karas Region.Activity 5.1 (a) The rezoning of land from – Residential use to industrial or commercial use.
Monday, 25 November 2024
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2024. 241014004805: Environmental Impact Assessment for the subdivision and reservation of a "Street" on Portion C (a portion of Remainder of Portion 4 of the Oranjemund Townlands No. 165) //Karas Region.Activity 10.1 (b) Infrastructure- The construction of public roads. Activity 10.2 (a) Infrastructure- The route determination of roads and design of associated physical infrastructure where - it is a public road.
Thursday, 14 November 2024
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2024. 241007004784: Environmental Impact Assessment for the rezoning of the Remainder of Erf 269, Lüderitz from "Residential II" to "General Business", //Karas Region.Activity 5.1 (a) Land Use and Development Activities - The rezoning of land from Residential use to industrial or commercial use.
Thursday, 14 November 2024
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2024. 241017004826: Environmental Impact Assessment for proposed subdivision, permanent closure, consolidation, and rezoning of Erven 9, 10 and A/PTN 4, Vineta, Swakopmund, for the development of a 5 Star exclusive boutique hotel.Activity 5.1 (a) The rezoning of land from Residential use to industrial or commercial use. Activity 6 The construction of resorts, lodges, hotels or other tourism and hospitality facilities. Activity 10.1 (a) The construction of Oil, water, gas and petrochemical and other bulk supply pipelines.
Friday, 4 October 2024
NAMISUN Environmental Projects and Development 2024. 240621004021: Proposed exploration activities on EPL 10131 in Erongo Region.Gib Mining Namibia (Pty) Ltd proposes to undertake exploration activities on EPL 10131 for nuclear fuel minerals.
Friday, 4 October 2024
NAMISUN Environmental Projects and Development 2024. 240621004019: Proposed exploration activities on EPL 9924 in Erongo Region.Gib Mining Namibia (Pty) Ltd proposes to undertake exploration activities on EPL 9924 for nuclear fuel minerals.
Wednesday, 25 September 2024
Stubenrauch Planning Consultants 2024. 240703004137: Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed rezoning of Erf 3978, No. 60 Jan Jonker Road Klein Windhoek from "Residential" with a density of 1:900 to "Hospitality" for the construction of a hotel.Activity 5.1 (d) The rezoning of land from use for nature conservation or zoned open space to any other land use. Activity 6 Tourism Development Activities.