delta | Environmental Information Service Namibia: eLibrary

A delta is a vast, fan-shaped creation of land, or low-lying plain, formed from successive layers of sediment washed from uplands to the mouth of some rivers, such as the Nile, the Mississippi and the Ganges. The nutrient-rich sediment is deposited by rivers at the point where, or before which, the river flows into the sea. Deltas are formed when rivers supply and deposit sediments more quickly that they can be removed by waves of ocean currents. The importance of deltas was first discovered by prehistoric man, who was attracted to them because of their abundant animal and plant life. Connecting waterways through the deltas later provided natural routes for navigation and trade, and opened up access to the interior. Deltas are highly fertile and often highly populated areas. They would be under serious threat of flooding from any sea-level rise. (Source: WRIGHT)

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Bartlam-Brooks HLA, Bonyongo MC, Harris S 2013. How landscape scale changes affect ecological processes in conservation areas: external factors influence land use by zebra (Equus burchelli) in the Okavango Delta. Ecology and Evolution 3 (9) 2795-2805

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How landscape scale changes affect ecological processes in conservation areas.pdf	1.92 MB

Ellery WN, McCarthy T, Dangerfield WJ 2000. Floristic diversity in the Okavango Delta, Botswana as an endogenous product of biological activity. Biodiversity in wetlands: Assessment, function and conservation

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Floristic_Diversity_in_the_Okavango_Delta.pdf	1.93 MB

Gumbricht T, McCarthy TS, Bauer P 2005. The micro-topography of the wetlands of the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 30 27-39

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The micro_topography of the wetlands of the Okavango Delta.pdf	927.95 KB

McCarthy TS, Gumbricht T, Stewart RG, Brandt D, Hancox PJ, McCarthy J, Duse AG 2004. Wastewater disposal at safari lodges in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Water SA 30 (1) 121-128

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Wastewater disposal at safari lodges in the Okavango Delta.pdf	326.18 KB

Gumbricht T, McCarthy TS 2003. Spatial patterns of islands and salt crusts in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. South African Geographical Journal 85 (2) 164-169

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Spatial patterns of islands and salt crusts in the Okavango Delta.pdf	648.82 KB

Website link:http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03736245.2003.9713797

Mutwamwezi E, Matsaert H Crop production in Kavango: Findings of a case study monitoring 1995 - 1997.

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Crop production in Kavango 1995_1997.pdf	5.41 MB

Mosepele K, Moyle PB, Merron GS, Purkey DR, Mosepele B 2009. Fish, Floods, and Ecosystem Engineers: Aquatic Conservation in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. BioScience 59 (1) 53-64

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Fish_Floods_and Ecosystem Engineers Aquatic Conservation in the Okavango Delta_Botswana.pdf	5.18 MB

Nurse GT, Jenkins T 1975. The Kavango peoples. Journal of the SWA Scientific Society XXX 55-58

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The Kavango Peoples.pdf	1.39 MB

Mbaiwa JE 2009. Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis of the Okavango River Basin - The Status of Tourism Development inrnthe Okavango Delta, Botswana.

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Status of Tourism Development in the Okavango Delta_Botswana.pdf	1.26 MB

Magole L 2009. Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis of the Botswana Portion of the Okavango River Basin - Land Use Planning.

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Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis of the Botswana Portion of the Okavango River Basin.pdf	1.16 MB

Vanderpost C, Ringrose S 2008. Human impacts, water resources and ecosystem maintenance in the Okavango Delta. 183-188

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Human impacts_water resources and ecosystems maintenace in the Okavango Delta.pdf	2.69 MB

Mbaiwa JE 2008. Tourism development, rural livelihoods, and biodiversity conservation in the Okavango Delta, Botswana.

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Tourism development_ rural livelihoods and biodiversity conservation in the Okavango Delta Botswana.pdf	578.7 KB

Kurugundla CN, Serumola O 2007. Impacts of Deltamethrin Spray on Adults of the Giant Salvinia Biocontrol Agent, Cyrtobagous salviniae. Journal of Aquatic Plant Management 45 124-129

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Impacts of Deltamethrin Spray on Adults of the Giant Salvinia Biocontrol Agent.pdf	163.57 KB

Kurugundla N Two alien invasive aquatic plants of Botswana.

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Two alien invasive aquatic plants of Botswana.pdf	173.9 KB

Kurugundla CN, Moleele N Integrated control management and monitoring of the Kariba weed in Okavango Delta, Botswana.

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Intgrated control management and monitoring of the kariba weed in Okavango Delta_Botswana.pdf	2.47 MB

2009. Malapo farming in the Okavango Delta.

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Malapo farming in the Okavango Delta.pdf	273.69 KB

Moleele NM 2008. Mainstreaming Biodiversity Conservation Objectives in the Management of Wetland Resources in the Okavango Delta: Lessons and Experiences.

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Mainstreaming biodiversity conservation objectives in the management of wetland resources in the Okavango Delta.pdf	2.86 MB

Department of Environmental Affairs 2008. Okavango Delta Management Plan Project. Okavango Delta Management Plan, January 2008.

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OKAVANGO DELTA MANAGEMENT PLAN 2008.pdf	2.85 MB

Henshaw C 1997. A possible new impact feature in the Okavango Delta. Journal of the British Astronomical Association 107 (2) 72-74

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A possible new impact feature in the Okavango Delta_1997.pdf	233.33 KB

2008. Biodiversity Report for the Municipality of Walvis Bay, February 2008.

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Walvis bay Biodiversity_Report_1.pdf	1.58 MB

2008. City of Walvis Bay, Namibia - Biodiversity: an asset for future development. Local action for biodiversity - A series of local cases.

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WalvisBay_Final.pdf	345.93 KB

Risk-Based Solutions (RBS) 2012. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Vol. 2 of 3 Report for the Kuiseb Delta and Dune Belt Areas for the NACOMA Project covering Walvis Bay in the Erongo Region, Namibia.

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EIA Draft Kuiseb Delta_Dune Belt Area_ Vol 2 of 3_2012.pdf	11.25 MB

Domptail SE, Mundi O 2014. Visions 2030 for the Okavango River Basin: Inspiration from 27 stakeholders from all levels. Learning from one another to better anticipate the future.

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Visions 2030 for the Okavango River Basin.pdf	2.05 MB

Schmidt L, Domptail S, Klintenberg P, Gruber M, Schmiedel U, Zimmermann I, Falk T 2013. Transdisciplinary research and stake-holder involvement. A review of the TFO approach. Biodiversity and Ecology 5 195-212

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Transdisciplinary research and stakeholder involvement_TFO approach review_2014.pdf	4.53 MB

Elliott JE, Langelier KM, Mineau P, Wilson LK 1996. Poisoning of Bald Eagles and Red-Tailed Hawks by carbofuran and fensulfothion in the Fraser Delta of British-Columbia, Canada. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 32 (3) 486 - 491

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Poisoning of Bald Eagles and Red_Tailed Hawks.pdf	756.47 KB

Bauer P, Gumbricht T, Kinzelbach W 2006. A regional coupled surface water/groundwater model of the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Water Resources Research 42 (4)

Website link:http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2005WR004234/abstract

Hamandawana H, Chanda R 2010. Natural and human dimensions of environmental change in the proximal reaches of Botswana's Okavango Delta.. The Geographical Journal 176 (1) 58-76

Website link:http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1475-4959.2009.00339.x/abstract

Mmopelwa G 2006. Economic and financial analysis of harvesting and utilization of river reed in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Journal of Environmental Management 79 (4) 329-355

Website link:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479705002513

Milzow C, Kgotlhang L, Kinzelbach W, Meier P, Bauer-Gottwein P 2009. The role of remote sensing in hydrological modelling of the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Journal of Environmental Management 90 (7) 2252-2260

Website link:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479708000480

Heinl M, Frost P, Vanderpost C, Sliva J 2007. Fire activity on drylands and floodplains in the southern Okavango Delta, Botswana. Journal of Arid Environments 68 (1) 77-87

Website link:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140196306001236

Nash DJ, Meadows ME, Gulliver VL 2006. Holocene environmental change in the Okavango Panhandle, northwest Botswana. Quaternary Science Reviews 25 (11-12) 1302-1322

Website link:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379105002982

Wolski P, Savenije HHG 2006. Dynamics of floodplain-island groundwater flow in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Journal of Hydrology 320 (3-4) 283-301

Website link:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169405003513

McCarthy TS, Humphries MS, Mohamed I, le Roux P, Verhagen BTh 2012. Island forming processes in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Geomorphology 179 249-257

Website link:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169555X12004163

Humphries MS, McCarthy TS, Cooper GRJ, Stewart RA, Stewart RD 2014. The role of airborne dust in the growth of tree islands in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Geomorphology 206 307-317

Website link:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169555X13005199

Linhoss AC, Munoz-Carpena R, Allen MS, Kiker G, Mosepele K 2012. A flood pulse driven fish population model for the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Ecological Modelling 228 27-38

Website link:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304380011006107

Wilk J, Kniveton D, Andersson L, Layberry R, Todd MC, Hughes D, Ringrose S, Vanderpost C 2006. Estimating rainfall and water balance over the Okavango River Basin for hydrological applications. Journal of Hydrology 331 (1-2) 18-29

Website link:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169406002502

Kniveton DR, Todd MC 2006. Water resources in regional development: The Okavango river. Journal of Hydrology 331 (1-2) 1-2

Website link:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169406002484

Krah M, McCarthy TS, Huntsman-Mapila P, Wolski P, Annegarn H, Sethebe K 2006. Nutrient Budget in the Seasonal Wetland of the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Wetlands Ecology and Management 14 (3) 253-267

Website link:http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11273-005-1115-0

Wolski P, Murray-Hudson M 2006. Recent changes in flooding in the Xudum distributary of the Okavango Delta and Lake Ngami, Botswana. South Africa Journal of Science 102 (3/4) 173-176

Website link:http://reference.sabinet.co.za/sa_epublication_article/sajsci_v102_n3_4_a24

Nqobizitha S The distribution of fish fry across different seasonal floodplain types of the Okavango, Botswana.

Website link:https://sites.google.com/a/aag.org/mycoe-servir/the-team/botswana

Ringrose S, Vanderpost C, Matheson W 2003. Mapping ecological conditions in the Okavango delta, Botswana using fine and coarse resolution systems including simulated SPOT vegetation imagery. International Journal of Remote Sensing 24 (5) 1029-1052

Website link:http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01431160210155046#.U7UiQVJZopE

Ramberg L, Wolski P 2008. Growing islands and sinking solutes: processes maintaining the endorheic Okavango Delta as a freshwater system. Plant Ecology 196 (2) 215-231

Website link:http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11258-007-9346-1

de Vera J, Granado P, McClay K 2010. Structural evolution of the Orange Basin gravity-driven system, offshore Namibia. Marine and Petroleum Geology 27 (1) 223-237

Website link:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264817209000312

Roever CL, van Aarde RJ, Chase MJ 2013. Incorporating mortality into habitat selection to identify secure and risky habitats for savannah elephants. Biological Conservation 164 98-106

Website link:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320713001018

Evans KE, Harris S 2008. Adolescence in male African elephants, Loxodonta africana, and the importance of sociality. Animal Behaviour 76 (3) 779-787

Website link:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003347208002133

Garzanti E, Ando S, Vezzoli G, Lustrino M, Boni M, Vermeesch P 2012. Petrology of the Namib Sand Sea: Long-distance transport and compositional variability in the wind-displaced Orange Delta. Earth- Sciences Reviews 112 (3-4) 173-189

Website link:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825212000190

Hughes DA, Andersson L, Wilk J, Savenije HHG 2006. Regional calibration of the Pitman model for the Okavango River. Journal of Hydrology 331 (1-2) 30-42

Website link:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169406002514

Milzow C, Burg V, Kinzelbach W 2010. Estimating future ecoregion distributions within the Okavango Delta Wetlands based on hydrological simulations and future climate and development scenarios. Journal of Hydrology 381 (1-2) 89-100

Website link:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169409007483

Merron GS 1993. The diversity, distribution and abundance of the fishes in the Moremi Wildlife Reserve, Okavango Delta, Botswana. South African Journal of Wildlife Research 23 (4) 115-122

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The diversity_distribution and abundance of the fishes in the Moremi Wildlife Reserve_Okavango Delta.pdf	1.36 MB

Website link:http://reference.sabinet.co.za/sa_epublication_article/wild_v23_n4_a6

The Okavango Research Group.

Website link:http://www.wits.ac.za/academic/science/geosciences/research/okavango/6499/the_okavango_research_group.html