A delta is a vast, fan-shaped creation of land, or low-lying plain, formed from successive layers of sediment washed from uplands to the mouth of some rivers, such as the Nile, the Mississippi and the Ganges. The nutrient-rich sediment is deposited by rivers at the point where, or before which, the river flows into the sea. Deltas are formed when rivers supply and deposit sediments more quickly that they can be removed by waves of ocean currents. The importance of deltas was first discovered by prehistoric man, who was attracted to them because of their abundant animal and plant life. Connecting waterways through the deltas later provided natural routes for navigation and trade, and opened up access to the interior. Deltas are highly fertile and often highly populated areas. They would be under serious threat of flooding from any sea-level rise. (Source: WRIGHT)



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McCarthy TS, Franey NJ, Ellery WN, Ellery K 1993. The use of SPOT imagery in study of environmental processes of the Okavango Delta, Botswana. South Africa Journal of Science 89 (9) 432-436
Hamandawana H, Eckardt F, Chanda R 2005. Linking archival and remote sensed data for long term environmental monitoring. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 7 (4) 284-298
Mackay AW, Davidson T, Wolski P, Woodward S, Mazebedi R, Masamba WRL, Todd M 2012. Diatom sensitivity to hydrological and nutrient variability in a subtropical, flood-pulse wetland. Ecohydrology 5 (4) 491-502
Hamandawana H, Eckardt F, Chanda R 2005. Linking archival and remotely sensed data for long-term environmental monitoring. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 7 (4) 284-298
Williams RE, Fernandoi DNK 1976. Hydrostatic levelling in the Okavango Delta.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) 1997. Technical reports and terminal report - project findings and recommendations.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) 1977. Investigation of the Okavango Delta as a Primary Water Resource for Botswana Devolment.
Potten DH 1977. Okavango Bibliography.
Astle WL, Braun HB 1977. Selected soil profile descriptions.
Ministry of Local Government Land and Housing 1989. Ecological zoning for Okavango Delta. Internal report.
Gumbricht T, McCarthy TS, Merry CL 2001. The topography of the Okavango Delta, Botswana, and its tectonic and sedimentological implications. South African Journal of Geology 104 243 - 264
Carruthers RM, Greenwood PG 1973. Geophysical surveys in the Okavango Delta.
Baines L, Morgan ER, Ofthilfe M, Evans K 2015. Occurrence and seasonality of internal parasite infection in elephants, Loxodonta africana, in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 4 (1) 43-48
Mbaiwa JE, Darkoh MBK 2008. The socio-economic and environmental effects of the implementation of the tourism policy of 1990 in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Botswana Notes and Records 39 (Tourism as a Sustainable Development Factor) 138-155
Lepetu J, Bernard FE, Orford CE 2008. Limits of acceptable change for tourism in the Okavango Delta. Botswana Notes and Records 39 (Tourism as a Sustainable Development Factor) 98-112
Mbaiwa JE, Thakadu OT, Darkoh MBK 2008. Indigenous knowledge and ecotourism-based livelihoods in the Okavango Delta in Botswana. Botswana Notes and Records 39 (Tourism as a Sustainable Development Factor) 62-74
Mosepele K, Onalethata B, Mosepele B, Thethela B 2005. Using population parameters to separate fish stocks in the Okavango Delta fishery: A preliminary assessment. Botswana Notes and Records 37 (Special Edition on Human Interactions and Natural Resource Dynamics in the Okavango Delta and Ngamiland) 292-305
Bonyongo C 2005. Habitat utilization by Impala (Aepyceros melampus) in the Okavango Delta. Botswana Notes and Records 37 (Special Edition on Human Interactions and Natural Resource Dynamics in the Okavango Delta and Ngamiland) 227-235
Wolski P, Masaka T, Raditsebe L, Murray-Hudson M 2005. Aspects of seasonal dynamics of flooding in the Okavango Delta. Botswana Notes and Records 37 (Special Edition on Human Interactions and Natural Resource Dynamics in the Okavango Delta and Ngamiland) 179-195
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Magole L, Thapelo T 2005. The impact of extreme flooding of the Okavango River on the livelihood of the molapo farming community of Tubu village, Ngamiland sub-district, Botswana. Botswana Notes and Records 37 (Special Edition on Human Interactions and Natural Resource Dynamics in the Okavango Delta and Ngamiland) 125-137
Kgathi DL, Ngwenya BN 2005. Community based natural resource management and social sustainability in Ngamiland, Botswana. Botswana Notes and Records 37 (Special Edition on Human Interactions and Natural Resource Dynamics in the Okavango Delta and Ngamiland) 61-79
Thakadu OT, Mangadi KT, Bernard FE, Mbaiwa JE 2005. The economic contribution of safari hunting to rural livelihoods in the Okavango: The case of Sankuyo Village. Botswana Notes and Records 37 (Special Edition on Human Interactions and Natural Resource Dynamics in the Okavango Delta and Ngamiland) 22-39
Mmopelwa G, Raletsatsi S, Mosepele K 2005. Cost benefit analysis of commercial fishing in Shakawe, Ngamiland. Botswana Notes and Records 37 (Special Edition on Human Interactions and Natural Resource Dynamics in the Okavango Delta and Ngamiland) 11-21
Bonyongo MC, Mubyana T, Totolo O, Veenandaal EM 2002. Flooding and soil nutrient status in the Okavango Delta's seasonal floodplains. Botswana Notes and Records 34 123-130
Mbaiwa JE 2002. Environmental impacts of tourism development in the Okavango. Botswana Notes and Records 34 67-78
Gieske A 1996. Modelling of surface outflow from the Okavango Delta. Botswana Notes and Records 28 165-192