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Namibian Wildlife Surveys archive

This archive of reports of wildlife surveys in Namibia aims to:

  • provide easy public access to published information and statistics
  • enable easy stakeholder access to recent and historical data on wildlife populations
  • provide a comprehensive archive of wildlife survey reports in Namibia

Public access to information is a vital component of ensuring community engagement in prevalent issues. Wildlife surveys are critical to determine the health of wildlife populations and determine trends over time to guide conservation and management actions. 

Wildlife surveys are done for different species using methods that are suited to counting them (e.g. by air or road) in their natural habitats. Such surveys need to be repeated over time to detect long-term trends and inform conservation managers. The Namibian government, non-governmental organisations and private reserves all conduct regular surveys covering different parts of Namibia and targeting different species. This archive will thus serve as a repository of our collective knowledge of the trends and status of a variety of species occurring throughout Namibia.

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Displaying results 1 - 32 of 32
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2022. Game counts in Hardap Game Park, Naute Recreation Resort and and Ai-Ais Hot Springs - June 2022.

Annual counts were extended to include Ai-Ais Hot Springs in 2022. Three transects were counted representing an area of around 407 km² . More years of data are required before any trends or estimates can be generated.

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Hardap Naute Ai_Ais Game Count 2022.pdf 1009.96 KB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2022. Game counts: Kavango East - Aug 2022.

The fundamental purpose of game counts in communal areas is to inform conservancies and MEFT of wildlife trends for the purposes of adaptive management of resources. While estimates of species numbers are provided, these should only be considered as an approximate guide to species abundance.

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Kavango poster 2022 final.pdf 651.24 KB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2022. Game counts in north-central Namibia - June 2022.

The fundamental purpose of game counts in communal areas is to inform conservancies and MEFT of wildlife trends for the purposes of adaptive management of resources. While estimates for some species are provided, these should only be considered an approximate guide to species abundance.

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North Central Game Count 2022_final.pdf 767.98 KB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2022. Game counts in north-west Namibia: Hobatere consession - May 2022.

The dramatic spike in the proportion of gemsbok seen in Hobatere relative to the rest of the north-west reflects the decline in animal numbers in communal conservancies. In 2021, Palmwag, Etendeka and Hobatere concessions (only 9% of the total area) accounted for 60% of all gemsbok seen in the north-west. Due to the higher number of animals seen in Orupembe conservancy in 2022 this ratio dropped to 31%.

Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2022. Game counts in north-west Namibia: Conservancies north of the veterinary fence - May 2022.

Game counts in north-west Namibia: Conservancies north of the veterinary fence - May 2022.

Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2022. Game counts in north-west Namibia: Palmwag and Etendeka Concessions - May 2022.

The Palmwag and Etendeka concession areas are important refuges for at least five of the main game species. The contrast in trends between kudu and gemsbok is noteworthy. While gemsbok numbers have declined dramatically throughout the entire north-west region, the contribution of the concessions has spiked in recent years. With kudu the contribution of concessions to numbers has dropped dramatically in the same period suggesting a different causal mechanism for the decline in numbers of the two species.

Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2022. Game counts in north-west Namibia: Regional Summary - May 2022.

Wildlife populations in north-west Namibia were severely impacted in the 1980s by a combination of severe drought and poaching. Community conservation, formalised in 1996 through conservancies facilitated an increase in wildlife numbers through controlled utilisation and effective control of poaching. Between 1996 and 2012 most species experienced stable or growing population trends. However, a subsequent prolonged dry phase has resulted in a steady decline in populations of many game species. It is unclear how much illegal harvesting has contributed to this decline.

Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2022. Game counts in north-west Namibia: Conservancies south of the veterinary fence - May 2022.

Game counts in north-west Namibia: Conservancies south of the veterinary fence - May 2022.

Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2022. Game counts: Nyae Nyae Conservancy - Line Transects July 2022.

Line transects were initiated in 2017 and represent almost half of the total area of the conservancy and include most of the waterholes. The area not covered by transects has low animal densities due to reduced habitat suitability and people pressure. Transect counts have recorded 25 species including 6 predator species. Based on average spoor sightings and Event Book records, hyaena are the most common predator, followed by wild dog, leopard and jackal. The top 3 species in terms of sightings between 2017 and 2022 included wildebeest, elephant and kudu.

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Nyae Nyae transect count 2022 Final.pdf 670.9 KB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2022. Nyae Nyae and N#a-Jaqna Conservancies - Full moon water counts 2022.

Nyae Nyae and N#a-Jaqna Conservancies - Full moon water counts 2022.

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Nyae Nyae waterhole 2022 Final.pdf 597.64 KB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2022. Game counts in southern Namibia: June 2022.

Game counts in southern Namibia: June 2022.

Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2022. Full moon waterhole counts in northern Kunene 2022.

Counts were undertaken at waterholes in the escarpment zone of north west Namibia. In 2018,18 waterholes in 7 conservancies were counted while in 2019, 2020 and 2021, the number of waterholes was increased to around 26 covering 10 conservancies. Counts were undertaken over a period of 2, 3 or 4 days during which time all animals seen were counted. Game species differ in the frequency with which they need to visit water resources with some able to acquire much of their hydration needs through foraging.

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Waterholes_NW_poster_2022_Final.pdf 468.62 KB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2022. Game counts in east Zambezi - August 2022.

Estimates were calculated for the current year using DISTANCE. In most cases at least the last 5 years of data were used in analysis to generate a detection profile for each species. Several conservancies have been grouped due to the low numbers of animals recorded. The bottom row of the table (hyphenated) numbers = 95% Confidence Intervals. In Sikunga, very few sightings have ever been recorded (60 for all species since 2011) and no sensible estimates for any species can be derived for this area.

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Zambezi Game Count_ East 2022.pdf 522.67 KB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2022.   Game counts in Bwabwata N.P. - August 2022.

Game counts in Bwabwata N.P. - August 2022.

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Zambezi Game Count_Bwabwata 2022.pdf 632.72 KB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2022. Game Counts Kwando River - August 2022.

Since 2021 a boat transect has been undertaken along the Kwando river from the Angola border to the southern boundary of Mudumu National Park. The total transect length is 152 km. For each species, animals on each side of the river (and in the case of hippo, in the river,) are counted.

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Zambezi Game Count_River 2022.pdf 377.41 KB
Kolberg H 2011. Trends in Namibian Waterbird Populations 3: Cormorants and Darter . Lanioturdus 44 (1) 16-18

The third article in the series on trends in Namibian waterbird populations summarises count data for cormorants and darter for the period 1977 to December 2008. For each species the Red Data Book (RDB) status, both global and Namibian, is given, the population trend as per Wetlands International, the number of times the species was counted, the number of times it has passed the 1% population criterion, the maximum count and the sites where it has passed the 1% population criterion.

Kolberg H 2011. Wetland Bird Counts in Namibia 4: Coastal Wetlands . Lanioturdus 44 (1) 9-31

This is the last article in a series describing the results of regular wetland bird counts in Namibia. This paper looks at eight coastal sites, including two of Namibia's four Ramsar sites i.e. Sandwich Harbour and Walvis Bay. Unfortunately data for Namibia's other coastal Ramsar site, the Orange River Mouth, is incomplete and hence it has not been included in this analysis. (Larger scale replications of the graphs in this article are attached to the end of this edition).

Kolberg H 2011. Trends in Namibian Waterbird Populations 4: Herons and Egrets Part 1 . Lanioturdus 44 (2) 12-15

This article continues the series on trends in Namibian waterbird populations and summarises count data for herons and egrets for the period 1977 to December 2008. For each species the Red Data Book (RDB) status, both global and Namibian, is given, the population trend as per Wetlands International, the number of times the species was counted, the number of times it has passed the 1% population criterion, the maximum count and the sites where it has passed the 1% population criterion.

Kolberg H 2011. Summary of the 2011 Summer Wetland Bird Counts . Lanioturdus 44 (3) 17-18

Namibia was blessed with extraordinary rains in most parts of the country early in 2011 and this is evident in the results of the summer wetland bird counts. Access to many of the count sites was difficult due to the wet conditions. In fact, the count at Lake Oponono had to be abandoned because of the muddy conditions. Rain interrupted many counts and even at Sandwich Harbour the counters had to endure about two hours of pouring rain before continuing with the count. Oddly enough, Tsutsab Vlei, near Tsintsabis in northern Namibia, was bone dry when the counts were done.

Kolberg H 2011. Trends in Namibian Waterbird Populations 4: Herons and Egrets Part 2 . Lanioturdus 44 (3) 10-15

This article continues the series on trends in Namibian waterbird populations and summarises count data for herons and egrets for the period 1977 to December 2008. For each species the Red Data Book (RDB) status, both global and Namibian, is given, the population trend as per Wetlands International, the number of times the species was counted, the number of times it has passed the 1% population criterion, the maximum count and the sites where it has passed the 1% population criterion.

Kolberg H 2011. Trends in Namibian Waterbird Populations 5: Storks and Ibises . Lanioturdus 44 (4) 13-17

The fifth article in the series on trends in Namibian waterbird populations summarises count data for storks and ibises for the period 1977 to December 2008. For each species the Red Data Book (RDB) status, both global and Namibian, is given, the population trend as per Wetlands International, the number of times the species was counted, the number of times it has passed the 1% population criterion, the maximum count and the sites where it has passed the 1% population criterion.

Craig GC 2011. Countrywide survey of elephants in Namibia - draft report.

The objective of this survey was to obtain a national estimate for elephants in Namibia. Fieldwork took place between 29 July and 11 August 2011 (Etosha and Tsumkwe), 6 to 10 September 2011 (Caprivi) and 19 to 25 November 2011 (Northwest Namibia). Areas covered are shown in Figs 1-3. The survey was a sample count at a variety of sampling intensities, depending on assumed elephant densities, in order to obtain a reasonably precise estimate with minimal effort. NW Namibia was a block-sample count flown by helicopter (with some areas of known high occupancy being total-counted).

Stein A, Andreas A, Aschenborn O 2011. Namibian national leopard survey - 2011.

Leopards are the most widely-distributed wild cat on earth. They are found throughout most of sub-Saharan Africa and in smaller populations within the Middle East, southwest Asia, southeast Asia and north to the Amur peninsula of the Russian Far-East. Throughout this distribution, leopards have persisted in hostile areas outside of protected areas due to their secretive nature and adaptable ability to live in a variety of habitats including sub-urban environments.

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Namibian National Leopard Survey_2011.pdf 565.33 KB
Gondwana Collection Namibia 2011. Gondwana Canon Park game count 2011.

Numbers of some species were up in 2011 due to the effect of good rains. This also caused a decrease in Mountain Zebra numbers as they moved westwards out of the park.

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Gondwana Canon Park game count 2011.pdf 955.49 KB
Gondwana Collection Namibia 2011. Gondwana Kalahari Park game count 2011.
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Gondwana Kalahari Park game count 2011.pdf 570.52 KB
2011. NamibRand Nature Reserve species checklist - Reptiles (50 species: 21 June 2011).
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NRNR species list reptiles.pdf 48.77 KB
1978. September 1978 lugsensus in die Nasionale Etoshawildtuin met behulp van 'n helikopter en a vaste vlerk vliegtuig.

September 1978 aerial census in the Etosha National Park with the aid of a helicopter and fixed wing aircraft.

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Etosha NP_Aerial census 1978 09.PDF 1003.24 KB
1978. Helicopter census 18 - 23 September 1978 (Map).
1978. March 1978 game census in Etosha National Park, using a helicopter.
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Etosha NP_Aerial census 1978 03.PDF 547.56 KB
Berry H 1978. Wildebeest counts: 1978.
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Etosha NP_Aerial census 1978 03 CT.PDF 242.44 KB
1978. South West African Administration White Paper on the activities of the different branches for 1978.

The 319 510 tourists who visited the administration's game reserves and resorts during the year made 1978 a record year. The highest previous figure was in 1975, namely 314 218 tourists. In comparison with 1977 the number of tourists from Southwest Africa decreased by 2 208, while the number of tourists from the Republic and overseas increased by 25 389 and 9 639 respectively. Day visitors decreased by 13 966, whereas overnight visitors increased by 46 776.

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SWA Administration_1978.pdf 645.31 KB
1969. South West African Administration White Paper on the activities of the different branches for 1969.

Farmers who complained about damage caused by protected game, were assisted as far as possible. Three giraffes and two elephants had to be shot and many elephants were driven from farms.

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SWA Administration_1969.pdf 346.05 KB

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