The Palmwag and Etendeka concession areas are important refuges for at least five of the main game species. The contrast in trends between kudu and gemsbok is noteworthy. While gemsbok numbers have declined dramatically throughout the entire north-west region, the contribution of the concessions has spiked in recent years. With kudu the contribution of concessions to numbers has dropped dramatically in the same period suggesting a different causal mechanism for the decline in numbers of the two species. With gemsbok the decline in animals in the north-west is more a result of severe losses from communal areas. With kudu the drop in the proportion of animals in these two concessions may reflect eastward movements in years of poor browse or be indicative of a more general decline across the area.