Namibia is the most arid country south of the Sahara, with scarce and unpredictable rainfall, and perennial rivers only on its borders. Over 80% of Namibia's land area relies solely on groundwater for any economic productivity. Extensive bush encroachment, together with the effects of climate change, are putting further pressure on water resources. The agricultural sector has the potential to increase economic production provided that extensive thinning of encroacher bush is implemented - in order to restore the former carrying capacity and restore the natural recharge potential of groundwater. However, the potential benefits of bush thinning extend into other economic sectors as well.