Relationships between selected wildlife species and livestock distributions obtained from aerial surveys in the wet season of 1992 were examined in the southern Kalahari of Botswana. Borehole locations were used to identify main human and livestock activity. Multivariate statistics were used to analyze the influence of environmental variables, including vegetation condition and vegetation structure, on wildlife and livestock distribution in the wildlife core area of the Kalahari. Keywords: Kalahari, human settlements, ungulates, greenness, livestock.