This report examines the advantages and disadvantages of the Botswana model with particular reference to predominant livestock production systems, cattle-post system in communal tribal grazing areas, the pros and cons of the recent government's fencing drive of the ranches in relation to wildlife conservation. Further, efforts towards production and commercialization of livestock farming and the policies behind these efforts namely; the initial Tribal Grazing Land Policy (TGLP) and later the National Policy on agricultural Development (NPAD) on communal tribal grazing areas, privatization of livestock farming and the impact all these have on the livelihood of the poor pastoralists are examined.