1) Genetic diversity: the variation between individuals and between populations within a species; species diversity: the different types of plants, animals and other life forms within a region; community or ecosystem diversity: the variety of habitats found within an area (grassland, marsh, and woodland for instance. 2) An umbrella term to describe collectively the variety and variability of nature. It encompasses three basic levels of organisation in living systems: the genetic, species, and ecosystem levels. Plant and animal species are the most commonly recognized units of biological diversity, thus public concern has been mainly devoted to conserving species diversity. (Source: WRES / GILP96)



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Barnard P 1998. Biological diversity in Namibia: a clash of sea and land, fog and dust. Biodiversity and Conservation 7 (4) 415-417
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Biological_diversity_in_Namibia_1998.pdf 81.37 KB
Ramberg L, Hancock P, Lindholm M, Archibald TJ, Ringrose S, Sliva J, Van As J, Vanderpost C 2006. Species diversity of the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Aquatic Sciences 68 310-337
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Species diversity of the Okavango Delta_ Botswana_2006.pdf 768.39 KB
Adger WN, Benjaminsen TA, Brown K, Svarstad H 2001. Advancing a political ecology of global environmental discourses. Development and Change 32 681-715
1997. Wetland values and functions.
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Wetland values and functions_1997.pdf 8.9 MB
Bernhardt E, Bunn SE, Hart DD, Malmqvist B, Muotka T, Naiman RJ, Pringle C, Reuss M, van Wilgen B 2006. Perspective: The challenge of ecologically sustainable water management. Water Policy 8 475-479
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ecologically sustainable water management_bernhardt_2006_D.pdf 53.75 KB
Crowley G, Landsberg J 2004. Monitoring rangeland biodiversity: Plants as indicators. Austral Ecology 29 59-77
Ayyad MA 2003. Case studies in the conservation of biodiversity: degradation and threats. Journal of Arid Environments 54 165-182
Zaniewski AE, Lehmann A, Overton JM 2002. Predicting species spatial distributions using presence-only data: a case study of native New Zealand ferns. Ecological Modelling 157 261-280
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Zaniewski-EcoMod-2002.pdf 571.59 KB
Cunningham P, Wassenaar T, Henschel J 2012. Notes on some aspects of the ecology of the Husab Sand Lizard, Pedioplanis Husabensis, from Namibia. 1-11
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Husab Sand Lizard Paper.pdf 744.27 KB
Kandawa-Schulz M, Barnard P 1999. Enabling the safe use of Biotechnology. National Policy Document.
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Enabling the safe use of biotechnology_1999.pdf 1.13 MB
Pallett J, Irish J, Aiyambo D, Eelu K, Guittar J, Henschel J, Kavari R, Nghiitombo V, Shikangala J, Siteteka V 2008. Rössing Biodiversity Assessment (7 reports combined).
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Roessing biodiversity assessment.pdf 9.04 MB
Turpie J, Barnes J, Arntzen J, Nherera B, Lange G-M, Buzwani B 2006. Economic value of the Okavango Delta, Botswana, and implications for management.
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Okavango Delta Valuation Study.pdf 3.76 MB
Margules C 2000. Biodiversity planning and monitoring in Namibia.
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Research Discussion Paper 35_2000.pdf 1.88 MB
Clausnitzer V, Dijkstra KDB, Koch P, Boudit JP, Darwall WRT, Kipping J, Samraoui B, Samways MJ, Simaika JP, Suhling F 2012. Focus on African freshwaters: hotspots of dragonfly diversity and conservation concern. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 10 (3) 129-134
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Dragonfly diversity Frontiers_April2012.pdf 915.34 KB
Simmons RE, Barnard P, Dean WRJ, Midgley GF, Thuiller W, Hughes G 2004. Climate change and birds: perspectives and prospects from southern Africa. Ostrich: Journal of African Ornithology 75 (4) 295-308
Simmons RE, Muntifering J, Ogada D, Hruska T, Tupper B, Childers E, Thompsen J, Hyman J, Lickel L, Jeong V 2005. Avian diversity on the Cunene River: Perspectives and potential implications of proposed dam sites. In Prep.
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Epupa REVISEDreportMay05.doc 302.5 KB
Hachfeld B 2000. Rain, fog and species richness in the Central Namib Desert in the exceptional rainy season of 1999/2000. Dinteria 26 113 - 146
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Dinteria26G.pdf 1.06 MB
Naidoo R, Weaver LC, Stuart-Hill G, Tagg J 2011. Effect of biodiversity on economic benefits from communal lands in Namibia. Journal of Applied Ecology 48 (2) 310 - 316
Ward D 2005. Do we understand the causes of bush encroachment in African savannas?. African Journal of Range and Forage Science 22 (2) 101 - 105
Turpie J, Midgley G, Brown C, Barnes J, Pallett J, Desmet P, Tarr J, Tarr P 2010. Climatic change vulnerability and adaptation assessment for Namibia's Biodiversity and Protected Area System. Full report.
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Climate Change for Namibias biodiversity and parks.pdf 23.86 MB
Kolberg H, Griffin M, Simmons R 1997. The Ephemeral Wetlands of Central Northern Namibia. Wetlands, Biodiversity and the Ramsar Convention 4-6
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The Ephemeral Wetlands of Central Northern Namibia.pdf 93.63 KB
Maggs G, Craven P, Kolberg H 1998. Plant species richness, endemism, and genetic resources in Namibia. Biodiversity and Conservation 7 (4) 435 - 446
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Plant species richness_endemism_and genetic resources in Namibia.pdf 252.33 KB
Craven P, Vorster P 2006. Patterns of plant diversity and endemism in Namibia. Bothalia 36 (2) 175
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Patterns of plant diversity and endemism in Namibia.pdf 1.4 MB
Burke A 2003. Towards implementing ecological restoration in Namibia. South African Journal of Science 99 (9 - 10) 417 - 418
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Towards implementing ecological restoration in Namibia.pdf 255.97 KB
Burke A 2002. Are Namibian inselbergs conservation islands? A floral perspective. South African Journal of Science 98 560 - 562
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Are Namibian inselbergs conservation islands_2002.pdf 248.29 KB
Loots S 2005. Important Plant Areas in Namibia.
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Spotlight_089.pdf 4.56 MB
Blaum N, Wasiolka B, Rossmanith E, Jeltsch F 2008. The effects of grazing-induced shrub encroachment on animal diversity in southern Kalahari rangelands.
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Spotlight_112.pdf 787.42 KB