An Environmental Clearance Certificate (ECC) is required for the proposed solid waste disposal facility in Tsumkwe Settlement because the activity falls under Listed Activity 2: Waste Management, Treatment, Handling and Disposal Activities, as stipulated in the Environmental Management Act No. 7 of 2007 and the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations of 2012. The establishment and operation of a landfill has the potential to cause environmental and public health impacts, including soil contamination, groundwater pollution, air quality deterioration, and disturbance to surrounding land uses. The ECC process ensures that these potential impacts are properly assessed, appropriate mitigation measures are implemented through an Environmental Management Plan, and that the project complies with national environmental legislation and policy requirements before implementation.