biodiversity | Environmental Information Service Namibia: eLibrary

1) Genetic diversity: the variation between individuals and between populations within a species; species diversity: the different types of plants, animals and other life forms within a region; community or ecosystem diversity: the variety of habitats found within an area (grassland, marsh, and woodland for instance. 2) An umbrella term to describe collectively the variety and variability of nature. It encompasses three basic levels of organisation in living systems: the genetic, species, and ecosystem levels. Plant and animal species are the most commonly recognized units of biological diversity, thus public concern has been mainly devoted to conserving species diversity. (Source: WRES / GILP96)

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International Institute for Environment and Development.

Website link:http://pubs.iied.org/

Zeidler J, Robertson M, Klintenberg P 1999. Measurement and monitoring of environmental change through indicators of biodiversity and ecosystem function.

Mennicken M, Maier W, Oberwinkler F 2005. A contribution to the rust flora (Uredinales) of southern Africa, with an emphasis on Namibia. Mycological Progress 4 (1) 55-75

Website link:http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11557-006-0109-5

Clark VR, Barker NP, Mucina L 2011. The Great Escarpment of southern Africa: a new frontier for biodiversity exploration. Biodiversity and Conservation 20 (12) 2543-2561

Downloadable files:

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The Great Escarpment of southern Africa_a new frontier for biodiversity exploration.pdf	2.11 MB

Todd SW, Hoffman MT 1999. A fence-line contrast reveals effects of heavy grazing on plant diversity and community composition in Namaqualand, South Africa. Plant Ecology 142 (1-2) 169-178

Website link:http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A%3A1009810008982

2012. Biodiversity in Southern Africa, Vols 1–3. Landscape Ecology 27 (3) 465-466

Website link:http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10980-011-9678-z

Jürgens N 2001. Aspects of botanical biodiversity in southern African arid regions - An outline of concepts and results. Biodiversity 53-70

Website link:http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-06071-1_5

Willis SG, Hole DG, Collingham YC, Hilton G, Rahbek C, Huntley B 2009. Assessing the Impacts of Future Climate Change on Protected Area Networks: A Method to Simulate Individual Species' Responses. Environmental Management 43 (5) 836-845

Website link:http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00267-008-9125-3

Uhlmann E, Görke C, Petersen A, Oberwinkler F 2004. Comparison of species diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in winter-rainfall areas of South Africa and summer-rainfall areas of Namibia. Mycological Progress 3 (4) 267-274

Website link:http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11557-006-0097-5

Jürgens N 2001. Remarkable Differences in Desertification Processes in the Northern and Southern Richtersveld (Northern Namaqualand, Republic of South Africa). Sustainable Land Use in Deserts 177-187

Website link:http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-59560-8_18

Giere P, Zeller U 2005. Small Mammal Diversity and Reproduction Along a Transect in Namibia (Biota S 07). African Biodiversity 305-313

Website link:http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/0-387-24320-8_30

Eccles NS, Esler KJ, Cowling RM 1999. Spatial pattern analysis in Namaqualand desert plant communities: evidence for general positive interactions. Plant Ecology 142 (1-2) 71-85

Website link:http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A%3A1009857824912

Jürgens N, Gotzmann IH, Cowling RM 1999. Remarkable medium-term dynamics of leaf succulent Mesembryanthemaceae shrubs in the winter-rainfall desert of northwestern Namaqualand, South Africa. Plant Ecology 142 (1-2) 87-96

Downloadable files:

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Remarkable medium_term dynamics of leaf succulent Mesembryanthemaceae shrubs.pdf	24.37 KB

Website link:http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A%3A1009862025821

Burke A 2005. Vegetation types of mountain tops in Damaraland, Namibia. Biodiversity and Conservation 14 (6) 1487-1506

Website link:http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10531-004-9788-x

Burke A, Kyläkorpi L, Rydgren B, Schneeweiss R 2008. Testing a Scandinavian Biodiversity Assessment Tool in an African Desert Environment. Environmental Management 42 (4) 698-706

Website link:http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00267-008-9128-0

Prendini L 2005. Scorpion Diversity and Distribution in Southern Africa: Pattern and Process. African Biodiversity 25-68

Website link:http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/0-387-24320-8_2

Desmet PG, Cowling RM 1999. Biodiversity, habitat and range-size aspects of a flora from a winter-rainfall desert in north-western Namaqualand, South Africa. Plant Ecology 142 (1-2) 23-33

Downloadable files:

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Biodiversity_habitat and range_size aspects of a flora from a winter-rainfall desert in north_western Namaqualand_South Africa.pdf	180.07 KB

Website link:http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A%3A1009814109891

Jürgens N 1997. Floristic biodiversity and history of African arid regions. Biodiversity and Conservation 6 (3) 495-514

Website link:http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A%3A1018325026863

Cowling RM, Esler KJ, Rundel PW 1999. Namaqualand, South Africa – an overview of a unique winter-rainfall desert ecosystem. Plant Ecology 142 (1-2) 3-21

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Namaqualand_South Africa_an overview of a unique winter_rainfall desert ecosystem.pdf	362.79 KB

Davies J, Poulsen L, Schulte-Herbrüggen B, Mackinnon K, Crawhall N, Henwood WD, Dudley N, Smith J, Gudka M 2012. Conserving Dryland Biodiversity.

Downloadable files:

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Conserving Dryland Biodiversity_2012.pdf	3.58 MB

Lemons J 2006. Conserving dryland biodiversity: Science and policy. Science and Development Network

Website link:http://www.scidev.net/en/policy-briefs/conserving-dryland-biodiversity-science-and-policy.html

2003. Conserving Biodiversity in Arid Regions - Best Practices in Developing Nations.

Website link:http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4615-0375-0/page/1

Overview of Etosha National Park.

Website link:http://bioval.jrc.ec.europa.eu/APAAT/pa/884/

Burke A 2001. Determining landscape function and ecosystem dynamics: contribution to ecological restoration in the southern Namib desert. Ambio 30 (1) 29-36

Website link:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11351790

Biodiversity Explorer - The Web of Life in southern Africa.

Website link:http://biodiversityexplorer.info/

The South African Biodiversity Information Facility (SABIF).

Website link:http://www.sanbi.org/programmes/policy-planning/south-african-biodiversity-information-facility-sabif

Global Biodiverstiy Information Facility.

Website link:http://data.gbif.org/welcome.htm

Cowling RM, Hilton-Taylor C 1991. 4 - Plant biogeography, endemism and diversity. The karoo - Ecological Patterns and Processes 42-46

Website link:http://ebooks.cambridge.org/chapter.jsf?bid=CBO9780511541988&cid=CBO9780511541988A032

Hachfeld B, Jürgens N 2000. Climate patterns and their impact on the vegetation in a fog driven desert: the central Namib Desert in Namibia. Phytocoenologia 30 (3-4) 567-589

Website link:https://www.schweizerbart.de/papers/phyto/detail/30/80801/Climate_patterns_and_their_impact_on_the_vegetation_in_a_fog_driven_desert_The_Central_Namib_Desert_in_Namibia

Reynolds JF, Smith DMS, Lambin EF, Turner BL, Mortimore M, Batterbury SPJ, Downing TE, Dowlatabadi H, Fernández RJ, Herrick JE, Huber-Sannwald E, Jiang H, Leemans R, Lynam T, Maestre FT, Ayarza M, Walker B 2007. Global Desertification: Building a Science for Dryland Development. Science 316 (5826) 847-851

Website link:http://www.sciencemag.org/content/316/5826/847.abstract

Totolo O, Chanda R 2003. Environmental change and sustainability issues in the Kalahari region. Journal of Arid Environments 54 (2) 257-259

Website link:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140196302910888

Wolanski E 2006. Is harbour development ecologically sustainable?. The Environment in Asia Pacific Harbours 489-493

Website link:http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F1-4020-3655-8_28?LI=true#page-1

Atlasing in Namibia - Carnivore Atlas.

Website link:http://www.the-eis.com/atlas

Proches S, Marshall DJ 2002. Diversity and biogeography of southern African intertidal Acari. Journal of Biogeography 29 (9) 1201-1215

Website link:http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2002.00772.x/abstract

James CD, Landsberg J, Morton SR 1999. Provision of watering points in the Australian arid zone: a review of effects on biota. Journal of Arid Environments 41 (1) 87-121

Website link:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140196398904670

Rapport DJ 1998. Biodiversity, and saving the earth. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 49 (2-3) 169-175

Website link:http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023%2FA%3A1005865718918?LI=true

Todd SW 2006. Gradients in vegetation cover, structure and species richness of Nama-Karoo shrublands in relation to distance from livestock watering points. Journal of Applied Ecology 43 (2) 293-304

Website link:http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01154.x/abstract

Thrash I 1998. Impact of large herbivores at arti?cial watering points compared to that at natural watering points in Kruger National Park, South Africa. Journal of Arid environments 38 (2) 315-324

Website link:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140196397903311

Pringle HJR, Landsberg J 2004. Predicting the distribution of livestock grazing pressure in rangelands. Austral Ecology 29 (1) 31-39

Website link:http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2004.01363.x/abstract;jsessionid=1FB2004CBB7E43F17B66AB5342AD7D0A.d02t02?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=&userIsAuthenticated=false

Bunn SE, Arthington AH 2002. Basic Principles and Ecological Consequences of Altered Flow Regimes for Aquatic Biodiversity. Environmental Management 30 (4) 492-507

Website link:http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00267-002-2737-0?LI=true

Watkinson AR, Ormerod SJ 2001. Grasslands, grazing and biodiversity: editors' introduction. Journal of Applied Ecology 38 (2) 233-237

Website link:http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-2664.2001.00621.x/full

Heshmatti GA, Facelli JM, Conran JG 2002. The piosphere revisited: plant species patterns close to waterpoints in small, fenced paddocks in chenopod shrublands of South Australia. Journal of Arid environments 51 547-560

Website link:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140196302909699

Reyers B, van Jaarsveld AS, Krüger M 2000. Complementarity as a biodiversity indicator strategy. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 267 505-513

Website link:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1690558/

Gaia Foundation and Genetic Resources Action International (GRAIN).

Website link:http://www.grain.org/

Protected Areas - Our Protected Areas.

Website link:http://www.met.gov.na/Pages/Protectedareas.aspx#ion

Ministry of Environment and Tourism (MET) 2007. Strategic Plan 2007/8 - 2011/12.

Fritz H, Saïd S, Renaud P-C, Mutake S, Coid C, Monicat F 2003. The effects of agricultural fields and human settlements on the use of rivers by wildlife in the mid-Zambezi valley, Zimbabwe. Landscape Ecology 18 (3) 293 - 302

Downloadable files:

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The effects of agricultural fields and human settlements on the use of rivers by wildlife in the mid_Zambezi valley.PDF	235.23 KB

Zedda L, Schultz M, Rambold G 2009. Diversity of epiphytic lichens in the savannah biome of Namibia. Herzogia 22 153 - 164

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Diversity of epiphytic lichens in the savannah biome of Namibia.pdf	2.06 MB

2004. Biodiversity Planning Manual. Biodiversity information Package No. 3. Four Corners TBNRM Project.

Downloadable files:

Attachment	Size
Biodiversity Planning Manual_TBNRM Project.pdf	3.02 MB

Biodiversity Protection through sustainably Harvesting Devil's Claw for livelihood improvement.

Website link:http://sgp.undp.org/web/projects/11239/biodiversity_protection_through_sustainably_harvesting_devil_s_claw_for_livelihood_improvement.html