Although the picture has become clearer in recent years, no firm and final conclusions can yet be drawn regarding the exact nature of this land and its surface form in the past, nor of the process working on it. The Middle Kalahari remains a place of utmost fascination with tremendous amounts of geomorphological and hydrological field work still to be done. An understanding of the history of landform and climatic evolution and change in this area is vital to an assessment of the present situation, which is the context for current short and long term planning of this country's precious water resources.