The present review highlights the role of termite activity and vegetation processes in the formation of mounded topography in the Okavango Delta. Termites create local relief above the upper limit of flooding, which enables the establishment of woody plants on the floodplain. Transpiration by woody plants induces the subsurface precipitation of silcrete and calcrete locally on the floodplain, causing a volume increase in the soil, which is associated with the creation of topographic relief.