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Namibian Wildlife Surveys archive

This archive of reports of wildlife surveys in Namibia aims to:

  • provide easy public access to published information and statistics
  • enable easy stakeholder access to recent and historical data on wildlife populations
  • provide a comprehensive archive of wildlife survey reports in Namibia

Public access to information is a vital component of ensuring community engagement in prevalent issues. Wildlife surveys are critical to determine the health of wildlife populations and determine trends over time to guide conservation and management actions. 

Wildlife surveys are done for different species using methods that are suited to counting them (e.g. by air or road) in their natural habitats. Such surveys need to be repeated over time to detect long-term trends and inform conservation managers. The Namibian government, non-governmental organisations and private reserves all conduct regular surveys covering different parts of Namibia and targeting different species. This archive will thus serve as a repository of our collective knowledge of the trends and status of a variety of species occurring throughout Namibia.

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Displaying results 301 - 350 of 462
Gondwana Collection Namibia 2004. 2004 Game count in Gondwana Canon Park .
Stander P 2004. Aerial survey of wildlife in the Nyae Nyae Conservancy, Namibia - September 2004.

An aerial wildlife survey of the Nyae Nyae Conservancy in Namibia was conducted between 27 August and 5 September 2004. Using stratified systematic transect sampling techniques the 8,900km2 area was samfled at an average intensity of 33 %, during 54 hours of flying. The survey produced population estimates with relatively narrow confidence intervals for some of the abundant species, like kudu, gemsbok and ostrich. Wildlife numbers, as a whole, appeared to have increased when compared with the previous survey in 1998. An abbreviated summary of the numbers of wildlife is listed…

Stander P 2004. An analyses of the spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns of lions destroyed along the borders of Etosha National Park over a 20-year period. 1982 to 2001.

The conflict between lions and pastoralists bordering Etosha National Park is a well known and documented problem. Every year lions move beyond the borders of Etosha National Park (Etosha) and prey on domestic livestock. In protection of their livestock, pastoralists shoot, trap, or poison lions. Data on these lion mortalities have been collected since 1982. Many individuals, including staff of the Ministry of Environment and Tourism, and visiting researchers, have collected these data.

2003. North West Game Counts, June 2003 .
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North_West_Game_Counts_June_2003.pdf 570.33 KB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2003. Game counts in north-west Namibia - June 2002 .

Summary of game count in north west in 2002: route statistics, animals seen, population estimates, trends.

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NW game count poster 2002.pdf 274.29 KB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2003. Bwabwata National Park Wet Season Game Count .

Poster summarising procedure, logistics and transects of Bwabwata National Park wet season game count.

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Poster_WCWS_count_Methodology_2003.ppt 2.31 MB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2003. Game counts in north-west Namibia - Methodology .

Road counts methodology poster.

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Poster_Road_counts_Methodology.jpg 1.31 MB
Gondwana Collection Namibia 2003. 2003 Game count in Gondwana Canon Park - Methodology.

A vehicle-based road count method is used. This method works well for common plains game but will not give good results for all species; especially smaller secretive animals, nocturnal animals, and animals in mountainous areas. Other monitoring methods (e.g. aerial census, foot patrols, specialist species monitoring) and local knowledge are also important. This means that the road counts will provide part of the information rather than replace these other methods - i.e. the methods all work together each providing a piece of the 'pie'.

Paxton M, Sheehan L 2002. Mahango bird count January 2002 . Lanioturdus 35 (4) 24-28
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Mahango bird count January 2002.pdf 353.37 KB
Kilian JW 2002. Aerial census of wildlife in Etosha National Park, September - October 2002.

Aerial surveys have been conducted in Etosha National Park since 1968. These counts were strictly not comparable as they were undertaken at irregular intervals with different coverage, The first comprehensive sample count was done 1995, Since then sample counts were completed in 1998 and 2002. The 2002 survey is therefore the fourth complete sample count of Etosha. The objectives of the 2002 survey were as follows: 1. To provide comparable estimates and trend data for the most important species surveyed in support of speies management plan. 2.

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Introduction ENP Survey Report 2002.pdf 233.02 KB
2002. Etosha survey report 2002.
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Etosha Survey Report October 2002.pdf 694.08 KB
2002. Etosha National Park aerial census 2002.
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Etosha NP_Aerial census 2002.pdf 694.07 KB
Kilian JW 2002. Aerial census of wildlife in Etosha National Park, September - October 2002.

Aerial surveys have been conducted in Etosha National Park since 1968. These counts were strictly not comparable as they were undertaken at irregular intervals with different coverage, The first comprehensive sample count was done 1995, Since then sample counts were completed in 1998 and 2002. The 2002 survey is therefore the fourth complete sample count of Etosha. The objectives of the 2002 survey were as follows: 1. To provide comparable estimates and trend data for the most important species surveyed in support of speies management plan. 2.

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Etosha NP_Aerial census 2002 intro.pdf 233.02 KB
2002. Annual game census for Nyae-Nyae.
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Annual game census for Nyae_Nyae_2002.PDF 650.56 KB
Simmons RE 2001. Namibia wetland bird counts: January, April and July 2000 . Lanioturdus 34 (2) 19-23
Paxton M, Sheehan L 2001. Mahango wetland bird count - January 2001 . Lanioturdus 34 (2) 2-7
Tyler SJ 2001. A review of waterbird counts in Botswana, 1991 - 2000 . Babbler Special Supplement (1)
2001. Wildlife monitoring in north-western Namibia.

Evidence of a decline in the range of elephants is provided by the survey carried out by Viljoen in 1982. The map in fig. 31 is somewhat misleading as all survey blocks in which elephants were seen are shaded even though elephants were unlikely to have been spread throughout the blocks. However, the occurrence of carcasses (cross-hatched areas) in areas where elephants are no longer found indicates a decrease in the range. Since the 1980s, the elephant counts have shown a consistent increase in the population (Fig. 32).

Stander P 2001. Population ecology and long term monitoring of free-ranging populations in Namibia's marginal and arid environments.

The study sites are covered systematically, by tracking their spoor and setting out bait, to capture and mark all individual leopards and lions. Study animals are immobilised following standard procedures described by our earlier studies and conform to international veterinary standards. All leopards and 80% of lions are radio collared and lions are marked with permanent hot brands. The age of lions and leopards are determined from tooth wear. Radio-collared animals are located with the use of a fixed-wing aircraft.

Stander P, Hanssen L 2000. Population ecology and long term monitoring of free-ranging populations in Namibia's marginal and arid environments .

Our present research is focussed on lions and leopards in three study sites. The Khorixas study site (10826 km2) is located in the northern Namib desert, previously known as Damaraland, and consists of an extremely arid habitat (annual rainfall 0-100mm) that stretches into the Skeleton Coast Park. This study is focussing on desert-adapted lions that frequent the Skeleton Coast Park, Torra Conservancy and the Palmwag tourism concession.

Paxton M 2000. July wetland bird count - Mahango Game Reserve . Lanioturdus 33 (1&2) 13-19
Erb KP 2000. Etosha aerial census report September 2000.

Etosha National Park has a long history of aerial game counts, the first experimental counts being conducted in the late 1960's. Only in the late 1980's were systematic sample counts introduced. A big advance in the actual procedure and analysis was made with the introduction of GPS and GIS software used since 1995. The 2000 census is the third census flown based on GPS transects and were GPS waypoints were recorded for sightings made.

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Etosha NP_Aerial census 2000.pdf 548.06 KB
Stander P 2000. Conservation of lions and other large carnivores in the Kunene Region, Namibia: Population ecology and long term monitoring of free-ranging populations in a marginal and arid environment, May 2000.
Paxton M, Sheehan L 1999. January wetland bird count in the Mahango Game Reserve, Kavango . Lanioturdus 32 (1) 15-18
Barnes RFW, Craig GC, Dublin HT, Overton G, Simons W, Thouless CR 1998. African elephant database.
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African elephant database_1998.pdf 10.94 MB
Lindeque M, Lindeque P 1997. Aerial sample counts of large game in northern Namibia . Madoqua 19 (2) 75-86
Berry HH 1996. Overview of past, present and future for Namibia's lions.
Rodwell TC, Tagg J, Grobler M 1995. Wildlife resources in the Caprivi, Namibia. The Results of an Aerial Census in 1994 and Comparisons with Past Surveys .

Protected and proclaimed areas in the Caprivi, Namibia, hold most of the economically valuable wildlife species in that region. This wildlife is presently being viewed as a potential resource base to support the many community-based conservation and development programmes in the Caprivi.

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Research Discussion Paper 9_1995.pdf 204.4 KB
Robertson A, Simmons RE, Jarvis AM, Brown CJ 1995. Can Bird Atlas data be used to estimate population size? A case study using Namibian endemics . Biological Conservation 71 87 - 95

An assessment of population size is a fundamental stage in the conservation of any species. The recent availability of data from the Southern African Bird Atlas Project (SABAP) provides a tool to investigate the status and distribution of approximately 900 bird species covered by this work. Here, we assess whether or not reporting rate can be used to establish absolute abundance and thereby produce estimates of population size.

Erb KP 1995. The Elesmap census in Etosha National Park July/August 1995  .

Etosha National Park, hereafter referred to as Etosha, was counted as part of the first co-ordinated regional Elesmap census from 15 July to 3 August 1995. The aim of this report is to present the results of the elephant count, data for the other species will be presented separately. Etosha is a 23 000 km² conservation area surrounding a large saline pan. The vegetation is mainly open Mopane and Acacia savanna and short grass plains. Topography is mainly very flat, with only a few hills in the west. For a detailed description see inter alia le Roux et al.(1988).

Erb KP 1995. The Elesmap census in Etosha National Park July/August 1995.

Etosha National Park, hereafter referred to as Etosha, was counted as part of the first co-ordinated regional Elesmap census from 15 July to 3 August 1995. The aim of this report is to present the results of the elephant count, data for the other species will be presented separately. Etosha is a 23 000 km² conservation area surrounding a large saline pan. The vegetation is mainly open Mopane and Acacia savanna and short grass plains. Topography is mainly very flat, with only a few hills in the west. For a detailed description see inter alia le Roux et al.(1988).

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Etosha NP_Elephant_Jan 1996.pdf 213.38 KB
Said MY, Chunge RN, Craig GC, Thouless CR, Barnes RFW, Dublin HT 1995. African elephant database.
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African elephant database_1995.pdf 13.43 MB
de Jager J 1994. Aerial census of the Black Nossob Conservancy.
Herremans M, Brown CJ, Borello WD, Herremans-Tonnoeyr D 1993. The abundance of European Rollers Coracias garrulus in Botswana and Namibia . Ostrich: Journal of African Ornithology 64 (2) 93 – 94

Short paper discussing previous documented records and interpretation in relation to records data.

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European Rollers in Namibia_1993.pdf 3.06 MB
Loutit R, Douglas-Hamilton I 1992. Report on an elephant count in the Cunene province, Namibia - 10th to 21st October 1992 .

Report on an elephant count in the Cunene province, Namibia. Keywords: Namibia, Kunene River, aerial survey, wildlife management, wildlife density, elephant census, elephant distribution, wildlife conservation.

Brown CJ 1991. Birds of the Swakop River lagoon . Lanioturdus 26 (1) 16-21
Carter LA 1990. The wildlife survey of Skeleton Coast Park, Damaraland, Kaokoland, north-west Namibia May/June 1990 .
Holtzhausen JA 1990. Game numbers at Buffalo in the west Caprivi.
Brown CJ 1989. Pygmy Falcon population in the central Namib desert, Namibia . Gabar 3 10 - 13

Distribution is restricted by the availability of Sociable Weaver nests, rather than by other environmental factors. There is a 26% occupancy rate and the falcons choose larger Sociable Weaver nest masses.

1989. Directorate Nature Conservation and Recreational Resorts: Annual Report 1989.
Brown CJ 1988. Greater Kestrel and Rednecked Falcon population in the Ganab region of the central Namib Desert . Gabar 3 21 - 25
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Brown CJ 1988 Gabar 3_21_25.pdf 415.77 KB
Hines CJH 1988. Total aerial census of eastern Bushmanland: 14.9.1988 - 20.9.1988.
1988. Department of Agriculture and Nature Conservation: Annual Report 1988.
Brown CJ, Cooper TG 1987. The status of cliff-nesting raptors on the Waterberg SWA/Namibia . Madoqua 15 (3) 243 - 249
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Brown_1987_Madoqua_15_3_raptors.pdf 1.51 MB
Brown CJ, Brown SE 1987. Some observations on oxpeckers in the Eastern Caprivi, SWA/Namibia . Lanioturdus 22 (4) 74 - 79
Williams T 1987. Walvis-Bay bird count . Lanioturdus 23 (1) 16-19
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Walvis_Bay bird count_1987.pdf 193.83 KB
Williams AJ 1987. Coastal bird counts along the Namib coast, Cape Cross to Lüderitz, November and December 1985 . Lanioturdus 23 (1) 3-8
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Coastal bird counts_1987.pdf 385.44 KB
Lindeque M, Lindeque PM 1987. September 1987 aerial census of Etosha National Park.
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Etosha NP_Aerial census 1987.PDF 1.65 MB
1987. Preliminary figures - census of 32 Batallion Training area.
1987. Department of Agriculture and Nature Conservation: Annual Report 1987.

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