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Namibian Wildlife Surveys archive

This archive of reports of wildlife surveys in Namibia aims to:

  • provide easy public access to published information and statistics
  • enable easy stakeholder access to recent and historical data on wildlife populations
  • provide a comprehensive archive of wildlife survey reports in Namibia

Public access to information is a vital component of ensuring community engagement in prevalent issues. Wildlife surveys are critical to determine the health of wildlife populations and determine trends over time to guide conservation and management actions. 

Wildlife surveys are done for different species using methods that are suited to counting them (e.g. by air or road) in their natural habitats. Such surveys need to be repeated over time to detect long-term trends and inform conservation managers. The Namibian government, non-governmental organisations and private reserves all conduct regular surveys covering different parts of Namibia and targeting different species. This archive will thus serve as a repository of our collective knowledge of the trends and status of a variety of species occurring throughout Namibia.

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Displaying results 151 - 200 of 253
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2012. Game counts in north-west Namibia, June 2012 .

Poster summarising the results of the 2012 north west game count.

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NW_game_count_poster_2012.pdf 738.1 KB
Kolberg H 2012. Report on an Aerial Survey of Etosha National Park, 6 to 17 August 2012.

Conducting aerial surveys is one of the core functions of the Ministry of Environment and Tourism. The surveys are essential management tools, allowing for informed decision making. Aerial surveys have been conducted in Etosha National Park since 1968. Apart from a series of elephant surveys, these surveys were strictly speaking not comparable as they were undertaken at irregular intervals with different sampling intensities and area cover. The first comprehensive multi-species sample count was conducted in 1995, and repeated in 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2005 and 2010.

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2012 Etosha NP_Aerial census 2012.pdf 656.25 KB
Craig GC 2011. Countrywide survey of elephants in Namibia - draft report.

The objective of this survey was to obtain a national estimate for elephants in Namibia. Fieldwork took place between 29 July and 11 August 2011 (Etosha and Tsumkwe), 6 to 10 September 2011 (Caprivi) and 19 to 25 November 2011 (Northwest Namibia). Areas covered are shown in Figs 1-3. The survey was a sample count at a variety of sampling intensities, depending on assumed elephant densities, in order to obtain a reasonably precise estimate with minimal effort. NW Namibia was a block-sample count flown by helicopter (with some areas of known high occupancy being total-counted).

Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2010. Game counts in Bwabwata and Caprivi - Dry season, 2010 .

Game counts in Bwabwata and Caprivi; dry season, live sightings. showing Numbers seen by conservation area, habitat, compared to 2009, population estimates and trends.

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Caprivi game count poster 2010.doc 380 KB
Kolberg H 2010. Report on an aerial game count of Kaross, Etosha National Park, 14 December 2009.

The survey took two hours 54 minutes, which translates into a search rate of 1.6 km/min. The flight path was recorded on the GPS tracklog and is shown in Figure 2 (deviations from the transects are where rhino, elephant or large herds of animals were encountered). A total of 253 sightings were recorded during this time (Figure 3) which comprised 1539 animals of seventeen species (Table 1). Kaross game camp is 144 km² in size so the density of animals calculates to 10.7 animals/km². The distribution and herd size for selected species is shown in Figure 4 to Figure 11.

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Kaross_Aerial census 2009.pdf 2.53 MB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2010. Game counts in north-west Namibia, June 2010 .

Game counts in north-west Namibia, June 2010.

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NW_game_count_poster_2010.pdf 2.27 MB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2010. Caprivi Game Count Sightings - 2010 .

Maps showing live sightings of elephant, giraffe, kudu, roan, sable, buffalo, impala, reedbuck, tsessebe and zebra in the 2010 Caprivi game count.

Kilian JW 2010. The use of GPS /Satellite collars to study the movement patterns of elephant in the Kunene Region in an integrated way to conserve elephants in a sustainable manner across a mosaic of landscapes.

This proposed study focuses on the elephants of the Kunene/Etosha cluster. The elephants outside Etosha is still largely a free ranging population over much of a 100 000 km² range. For the purpose of this proposal the study area (Figure 1) encompasses the extreme western area of Etosha, Skeleton Coast Park, communal conservancies, concessions and the private farming land south of Etosha. The average rainfall ranges from <50mm to 300mm. Recently, human-elephant conflicts have received a lot of attention in this Region.

Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2010. North West game count .

North West game count - map of sightings per species per 2x2km grid cell.

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Map_Sightings by species NW 2010.pdf 1.97 MB
Chase M 2009. Fixed-wing aerial wildlife census of the Caprivi river systems: A survey of rivers, wetlands and floodplains in September 2009.

This report presents the results of the third fixed-wing aerial wildlife census of the Caprivi River systems in Namibia conducted during September 2009. The purpose of this survey is to provide recent information on the distribution, abundance and trend of wildlife species including comparisons between protected areas and conservancies. The report compares the results of this survey with earlier fixed-wing aerial surveys conducted in September 2007 and August 2004.

BirdLife Botswana 2009. 2008 Status report for Protected Important Bird Areas of Botswana .

BirdLife Botswana (the BirdLife partner in Botswana) identified and documented 12 sites as Important Bird Areas (IBAs) of Botswana. These sites are; Chobe National Park, Linyanti Swamps, Okavango Delta, Lake Ngami, Central Kalahari and Khutse Game Reserves (CKGR), Makgadikgadi Pans, Gemsbok National Park, Tswapong Hills, Mannyelanong Hill, Phakalane Sewage ponds, South Eastern Botswana and Bokaa Dam. Even though a huge amount of work has been done by BirdLife Botswana, monitoring efforts in these areas lack adequate co-ordination.

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2008_Botswana_IBA_monitoring_report.pdf 1.81 MB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2009. Game counts in north-west Namibia, June 2009 .

Summary of game count in north west in 2009: route statistics, animals seen, population estimates, trends.

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NW game count poster 2009.pdf 5.92 MB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2009. Game counts in Bwabwata and Caprivi, dry season 2009 .

Poster summarising results of the Dry Season 2009 game counts in Bwabwata and Caprivi - numbers seen, population trends and estimates.

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Caprivi game count poster 2009.pdf 244.86 KB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2009. North west game count 2009 .

Maps showing number of animals counted per 100km: springbok, gemsbok, kudu, giraffe, zebra, ostrich. Plu sightings per 2x2 km grid.

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NW game count poster maps 2009.pdf 1.49 MB
2009. Wildlife census of Namibia's North East Rivers - 2009 .

Caprivi is a key area for wildlife, which moves freely between Namibia and neighbouring countries. Caprivi has a number of community conservancy programmes, in addition to state protected areas. Conservancies have a strong commitment towards conservation, which contributes to rural livelihoods through the development of wildlife-based enterprises. A total of 19,212 head of wildlife (excluding birds) were observed. Information shown on this poster comes from the report: Fixed-wing aerial wildlife census of the Caprivi river systems. A survey of rivers, wetlands and…

Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2008. Game counts in north-west Namibia, June 2008 .

Summary of game count in north west in 2008: route statistics, animals seen, population estimates, trends.

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NW game count poster 2008.pdf 176.85 KB
Ministry of Environment and Tourism (MET) 2007. Species Management Plan - Elephants, Loxodonta africana .

Elephants occur across the entire north of Namibia with two main sub-populations in the north-east and the north-west. In 2004 the total population was estimated at over 16,000 animals and, allowing for underestimates on aerial surveys, the true number in 2007 is likely to be closer to 20,000. The north-western population is about 4,000 animals and includes the elephants in Etosha. This appears to be growing at about 3.3% per annum and expanding its range.

Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2007. Game counts in north-west Namibia, June 2007 .

Summary of game count in north west in 2007: route statistics, animals seen, population estimates, trends.

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NW game count poster 2007.pdf 155.13 KB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2006. Game counts in north-west Namibia, June 2006 .

Summary of game count in north west in 2006: route statistics, animals seen, population estimates, trends.

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NW game count poster 2006.pdf 154 KB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2005. Game counts in north-west Namibia, June 2005 .

Summary of game count in north west in 2005: route statistics, animals seen, population estimates, trends.

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NW game count poster 2005.pdf 839.07 KB
2005. North west aerial survey 2005 - first draft, 24 November 2005.
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North west aerial survey 2005.pdf 2.87 MB
2005. Etosha National Park aerial survey 2005 first draft, 14 October 2005.

Conducting aerial surveys is one of the core functions of the Ministry of Environment and Tourism. The surveys are essential management tools, allowing for informed decision making. Aerial surveys have been conducted in Etosha National Park since 1968. Apart from a series of elephant surveys, these surveys were strictly speaking not comparable as they were undertaken at irregular intervals with different sampling intensities and area cover. The first comprehensive multi-species sample count was conducted in 1995, and repeated in 1998, 2000, 2002 and 2004.

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Etosha NP_NP2005_Survey_Report.pdf 939.26 KB
Stander P 2004. Aerial survey of wildlife in the Nyae Nyae Conservancy, Namibia - September 2004.

An aerial wildlife survey of the Nyae Nyae Conservancy in Namibia was conducted between 27 August and 5 September 2004. Using stratified systematic transect sampling techniques the 8,900km2 area was samfled at an average intensity of 33 %, during 54 hours of flying. The survey produced population estimates with relatively narrow confidence intervals for some of the abundant species, like kudu, gemsbok and ostrich. Wildlife numbers, as a whole, appeared to have increased when compared with the previous survey in 1998. An abbreviated summary of the numbers of wildlife is listed…

Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2004. Game counts in north-west Namibia, June 2004 .

Summary of game count in north west in 2004: route statistics, animals seen, population estimates, trends.

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NW game count poster 2004.pdf 483.95 KB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2003. Game counts in north-west Namibia - Methodology .

Road counts methodology poster.

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Poster_Road_counts_Methodology.jpg 1.31 MB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2003. Bwabwata National Park Wet Season Game Count .

Poster summarising procedure, logistics and transects of Bwabwata National Park wet season game count.

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Poster_WCWS_count_Methodology_2003.ppt 2.31 MB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2003. Game counts in north-west Namibia - June 2002 .

Summary of game count in north west in 2002: route statistics, animals seen, population estimates, trends.

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NW game count poster 2002.pdf 274.29 KB
2003. North West Game Counts, June 2003 .
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North_West_Game_Counts_June_2003.pdf 570.33 KB
2002. Etosha National Park aerial census 2002.
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Etosha NP_Aerial census 2002.pdf 694.07 KB
2002. Annual game census for Nyae-Nyae.
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Annual game census for Nyae_Nyae_2002.PDF 650.56 KB
2002. Etosha survey report 2002.
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Etosha Survey Report October 2002.pdf 694.08 KB
Kilian JW 2002. Aerial census of wildlife in Etosha National Park, September - October 2002.

Aerial surveys have been conducted in Etosha National Park since 1968. These counts were strictly not comparable as they were undertaken at irregular intervals with different coverage, The first comprehensive sample count was done 1995, Since then sample counts were completed in 1998 and 2002. The 2002 survey is therefore the fourth complete sample count of Etosha. The objectives of the 2002 survey were as follows: 1. To provide comparable estimates and trend data for the most important species surveyed in support of speies management plan. 2.

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Introduction ENP Survey Report 2002.pdf 233.02 KB
Kilian JW 2002. Aerial census of wildlife in Etosha National Park, September - October 2002.

Aerial surveys have been conducted in Etosha National Park since 1968. These counts were strictly not comparable as they were undertaken at irregular intervals with different coverage, The first comprehensive sample count was done 1995, Since then sample counts were completed in 1998 and 2002. The 2002 survey is therefore the fourth complete sample count of Etosha. The objectives of the 2002 survey were as follows: 1. To provide comparable estimates and trend data for the most important species surveyed in support of speies management plan. 2.

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Etosha NP_Aerial census 2002 intro.pdf 233.02 KB
2001. Wildlife monitoring in north-western Namibia.

Evidence of a decline in the range of elephants is provided by the survey carried out by Viljoen in 1982. The map in fig. 31 is somewhat misleading as all survey blocks in which elephants were seen are shaded even though elephants were unlikely to have been spread throughout the blocks. However, the occurrence of carcasses (cross-hatched areas) in areas where elephants are no longer found indicates a decrease in the range. Since the 1980s, the elephant counts have shown a consistent increase in the population (Fig. 32).

Erb KP 2000. Etosha aerial census report September 2000.

Etosha National Park has a long history of aerial game counts, the first experimental counts being conducted in the late 1960's. Only in the late 1980's were systematic sample counts introduced. A big advance in the actual procedure and analysis was made with the introduction of GPS and GIS software used since 1995. The 2000 census is the third census flown based on GPS transects and were GPS waypoints were recorded for sightings made.

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Etosha NP_Aerial census 2000.pdf 548.06 KB
Barnes RFW, Craig GC, Dublin HT, Overton G, Simons W, Thouless CR 1998. African elephant database.
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African elephant database_1998.pdf 10.94 MB
Lindeque M, Lindeque P 1997. Aerial sample counts of large game in northern Namibia . Madoqua 19 (2) 75-86
Erb KP 1995. The Elesmap census in Etosha National Park July/August 1995.

Etosha National Park, hereafter referred to as Etosha, was counted as part of the first co-ordinated regional Elesmap census from 15 July to 3 August 1995. The aim of this report is to present the results of the elephant count, data for the other species will be presented separately. Etosha is a 23 000 km² conservation area surrounding a large saline pan. The vegetation is mainly open Mopane and Acacia savanna and short grass plains. Topography is mainly very flat, with only a few hills in the west. For a detailed description see inter alia le Roux et al.(1988).

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Etosha NP_Elephant_Jan 1996.pdf 213.38 KB
Said MY, Chunge RN, Craig GC, Thouless CR, Barnes RFW, Dublin HT 1995. African elephant database.
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African elephant database_1995.pdf 13.43 MB
Erb KP 1995. The Elesmap census in Etosha National Park July/August 1995  .

Etosha National Park, hereafter referred to as Etosha, was counted as part of the first co-ordinated regional Elesmap census from 15 July to 3 August 1995. The aim of this report is to present the results of the elephant count, data for the other species will be presented separately. Etosha is a 23 000 km² conservation area surrounding a large saline pan. The vegetation is mainly open Mopane and Acacia savanna and short grass plains. Topography is mainly very flat, with only a few hills in the west. For a detailed description see inter alia le Roux et al.(1988).

Rodwell TC, Tagg J, Grobler M 1995. Wildlife resources in the Caprivi, Namibia. The Results of an Aerial Census in 1994 and Comparisons with Past Surveys .

Protected and proclaimed areas in the Caprivi, Namibia, hold most of the economically valuable wildlife species in that region. This wildlife is presently being viewed as a potential resource base to support the many community-based conservation and development programmes in the Caprivi.

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Research Discussion Paper 9_1995.pdf 204.4 KB
Loutit R, Douglas-Hamilton I 1992. Report on an elephant count in the Cunene province, Namibia - 10th to 21st October 1992 .

Report on an elephant count in the Cunene province, Namibia. Keywords: Namibia, Kunene River, aerial survey, wildlife management, wildlife density, elephant census, elephant distribution, wildlife conservation.

Carter LA 1990. The wildlife survey of Skeleton Coast Park, Damaraland, Kaokoland, north-west Namibia May/June 1990 .
Holtzhausen JA 1990. Game numbers at Buffalo in the west Caprivi.
Hines CJH 1988. Total aerial census of eastern Bushmanland: 14.9.1988 - 20.9.1988.
Lindeque M, Lindeque PM 1987. September 1987 aerial census of Etosha National Park.
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Etosha NP_Aerial census 1987.PDF 1.65 MB
1987. Preliminary figures - census of 32 Batallion Training area.
Scheepers JL 1986. Lugsensus van wes Etosha Mei 1986.

Aerial census of west Etosha May 1986.

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Etosha NP_Aerial census 1986 05 west.PDF 452.52 KB
Lindeque M 1985. Aerial survey of elephants in Etosha National Park (Including the results of the December 1984 census).
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Etosha NP_Aerial census 1984 12 LA.PDF 2.73 MB
Berry H 1984. Helicopter census of western Etosha National Park during May 1984.
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Etosha NP_Aerial census 1984 05 west.PDF 543.08 KB

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