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Namibian Wildlife Surveys archive

This archive of reports of wildlife surveys in Namibia aims to:

  • provide easy public access to published information and statistics
  • enable easy stakeholder access to recent and historical data on wildlife populations
  • provide a comprehensive archive of wildlife survey reports in Namibia

Public access to information is a vital component of ensuring community engagement in prevalent issues. Wildlife surveys are critical to determine the health of wildlife populations and determine trends over time to guide conservation and management actions. 

Wildlife surveys are done for different species using methods that are suited to counting them (e.g. by air or road) in their natural habitats. Such surveys need to be repeated over time to detect long-term trends and inform conservation managers. The Namibian government, non-governmental organisations and private reserves all conduct regular surveys covering different parts of Namibia and targeting different species. This archive will thus serve as a repository of our collective knowledge of the trends and status of a variety of species occurring throughout Namibia.

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Displaying results 1 - 50 of 81
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2023. Game counts - transboundary: 2017 - 2023.

Estimates were calculated using DISTANCE which takes account in drop-off in detectability of animals with distance from the transect line. Where there are no values too few observations were recorded to allow for meaningful estimates to be derived. Attempts should be made to fill these gaps. Kwandu conservancy differs from the other 3 more strictly protected areas in that it contains a significant human presence. It is not expected to have the same species densities, but it is an important wildlife corridor between the national parks.

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Kaza_2023 final.pdf 383.91 KB
Matthys D 2021. Kaza-Wide aerial survey of elephants launched.

The partner states of the Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area (KAZA TFCA), Namibia, Botswana, Angola, Zambia and Zimbabwe last week launched the first-ever coordinated aerial survey of elephants in Windhoek. Speaking at the launch, Executive Director in the Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Tourism, Theofilus Nghitila said the survey is a fundamental component of the KAZA Strategic Planning Framework for the Conservation and Management of Elephants. "The survey will be coordinated by the KAZA Secretariat in close collaboration with designated teams in…

Craig GC, Gibson DSC, Uiseb KH 2021. Namibia's elephants - population, distribution and trends. Pachyderm 62 35-52

Namibia's elephants extend across the north of the country. They occur in six main areas of the known Namibian range - the north-west, Etosha National Park (NP), Mangetti National Park, northern Kavango, Khaudum National Park/Nyae Nyae Conservancy and Zambezi Region. Seasonal changes in distribution are related to water availability. There are movements of elephants between Namibia and its neighbours, particularly Botswana, and mainly from Zambezi Region. The largest populations are found in the north-east of the country, in Khaudum/Nyae Nyae and Zambezi Region.

Gondwana Collection Namibia 2020. Gondwana Kalahari Park Game Count 2020.

This year's game count results showed the drastic decrease in game numbers, with gemsbok numbers being down 86% compared to 2019 and plains zebra and wildebeest down 93% and 97% respectively. Red hartebeest have all disappeared from the park as most of them died, a few were harvested, and a few got onto neighbouring properties. Only giraffe managed to increase, as 4 more calves were born over the last year, bringing the total to 22. Naturally, successful reproduction in the other game species over the past season has been very low.

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Gondwana Kalahari Park Game Count 2020.pdf 965.72 KB
Thomson G 2020. Counting Cats - An updated national leopard survey for Namibia. Conservation and the Environment in Namibia (2020)

Leopards are among the most enchanting big cats in the world. Their beauty, raw power and elusiveness have fascinated humans through the ages. Our fascination with leopards is a double-edged sword for the big cat, however. The value we place on seeing this beautiful big cat draws tourists and provides funding for conservation.

Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Tourism (MEFT) 2020. An overview of elephant conservation and management in Namibia.

An overview of elephant conservation and management in Namibia.

Gondwana Collection Namibia 2020. Gondwana Canyon Park Game Count 2020.

The year’s results show a significant decrease in animals counted (-37%) and overall population estimate (-19%). The game harvesting operations done in the preceding year would have contributed to the lower game numbers. The northern sections of the park (zone 6, 7, 8 and 9) received the most rain and thus an overwhelming majority (53%) of the animals were counted in this area. For the first time in 8 years the park’s modelled carrying capacity is higher than the total grazer biomass (stocking rate).

Gondwana Collection Namibia 2018. Gondwana Kalahari Park Game Count 2018.
Gondwana Collection Namibia 2018. Gondwana Canyon Park Game Count 2018.
Hauptfleisch M 2017. Greater Sossusvlei Namib Landscape (GSNL): Tracking ungulate movements .

This research project deploys satellite tracking collars on ungulates in the GSNL  and monitors their movements as well as other environmental parameters. Its objective is to document movement corridors and identify impediments to migration routes for springbok, oryx and Hartmann’s mountain zebra. Stefanie Urban successfully completed her Bachelor of Natural Resources Management (Honours) project at NUST at the end of 2016. Her project report is available on request.

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Tracking ungulate movements.pdf 2.23 MB
Kolberg H 2017. Status assessment of Namibia's vultures . Lanioturdus 50 (1) 9-17

Vultures provide essential ecological services, yet are amongst the world's most threatened species with populations having declined by more than 95% within ten years in some places. The biggest factor causing this decline is the use of poison, either intentionally or unintentionally. Other factors causing declines are collision with and electrocution by powerlines, illegal harvesting for traditional medicines, habitat loss and drowning in reservoirs.

Gondwana Collection Namibia 2016. Gondwana Canyon Park Game Count 2016.
Kolberg H 2016. Book Review: Birds of Botswana by Peter Hancock and Ingrid Weiersbye, Princeton University Press . Lanioturdus 49 (1) 28

The species accounts are very detailed, doubtlessly benefitting from Peter's intimate and long-term knowledge of Botswana's birds. The range maps give one an immediate indication of where the bird occurs and the breeding bars give one an idea of when to expect the bird and when it breeds. These will prove handy when identifying e.g. migratory birds. The excellent illustrations show the birds in their local race and where sexes and ages differ, these are also illustrated. Perhaps one shortcoming of the illustrations is, that diagnostic features e.g.

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Book Review_Birds of Botswana.pdf 346.34 KB
Gondwana Collection Namibia 2016. Gondwana Kalahari Park Game Count 2016.
Hauptfleisch M 2016. Greater Sossusvlei-Namib Landscape: Tracking ungulate movements. (1)

Of the animals that had a comparable number of location pings, Oryx 1768 on Keerweder, Hartmann's zebra 1771 on Solitaire and Oryx 1770 on Aandster moved the furthest daily distances with 9.57 km, 7.87 km and 7.35 km respectively. Three animals were collared at the end of July/ beginning of August, including Springbok 132 (after the last one with the same collar id. died in March) and 133, Hartmann's zebra 1775 and 1776. Hartmann's zebra 1776, which is currently ranging on Neuras, moved a considerable mean daily distance of 9.22 km.

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GSNLNewsletter_1_3.pdf 1.43 MB
Hauptfleisch M 2016. Greater Sossusvlei Namib Landscape: Tracking ungulate movements. (1)

Oryx 1770 and Zebra 1771 covered the most distance with 921.62 km and 877.36 km respectively (assuming a straight line between each ping). Mean daily distances have overall increased since the last period, possibly due to isolated rainfall during the period. Zebra 1773 has possibly been killed or the collar fell off, this is currently under investigation. Note: The mean daily distances in the last newsletter were not correct as they were distances between each ping. They should be multiplied by three to get the mean daily distance.

Hauptfleisch M 2016. Greater Sossusvlei Namib Landscape : Tracking ungulate movements. (1)
Gondwana Collection Namibia 2016.   Gondwana Kalahari Park game count 2016.
Gondwana Collection Namibia 2015. Gondwana Kalahari Park annual game count 2015.
Gondwana Collection Namibia 2015. Gondwana Namib Park game count June 2015.
Gondwana Collection Namibia 2015. Gondwana Canon Park game count 2015.

Numbers of most species dropped during 2015 due to the effects of the drought & the lack of grazing. Although there were a few mortalities, many animals have moved to areas outside the park where conditions are more favourable. This is to be expected in an open system.

Hartung Q 2014. Report on the Burchell's Zebra (Equus burchelli) and Red Hartebeest (Sigmoceros lichtensteinii) total road count done on the 24th of June 2014 .

On 24 June 2014 we conducted a total count of the Burchell’s Zebra and Red Hartebeest in of the Reserve. To get the total count we drove on designated routes, throughout the northern part of the Reserve, where the B. Zebra and Hartebeest herds are normally seen, and counted all the B. Zebra and Hartebeest seen. The count was divided into three routes, all starting from Keerweder at the same time.

Hartung Q, Hartung V 2014. Results of the NamibRand Nature Reserve and Pro-Namib Conservancy annual game count 31 May 2014.

This report provides summarised results and analysis of the annual game count held on the NamibRand Nature Reserve and the Pro-Namib Conservancy on the 31st of May 2014. This is the tenth consecutive year that the count was held since 2005 and the third year that the farms Springbokvlakte and Saffier have been included. Teamwork was once again the essence of the day as concessionaires, landowners, neighbours and NRNR staff joined in to participate in the event.

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NRNR game count report 2014.pdf 2.14 MB
Gondwana Collection Namibia 2014.   Gondwana Namib Park game count 2014.
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Gondwana Namib Park game count 2014.pdf 2.29 MB
Gondwana Collection Namibia 2013. Gondwana Canon Park game count 2013.

Mountain Zebra numbers were up in 2013 due to movement into the park from the west to take advantage of the artificial waters and better grazing.

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Gondwana Canon Park game count 2013.pdf 954.13 KB
Gondwana Collection Namibia 2013. Gondwana Kalahari Park game count 2013.
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Gondwana Kalahari Park game count 2013.pdf 1009.24 KB
Kolberg H 2013. Report on a mountain zebra aerial survey in the Naukluft and Khomas Hochland, 19 to 24 June 2013.

An aerial survey specifically aimed at mountain zebra (Equus zebra hartmannae) was carried out by the survey unit of the Ministry of Environment and Tourism from 19 to 24 June 2013. The survey covered the Naukluft Mountains in the Namib-Naukluft Park and a large area of the Khomas Hochland west of Windhoek, between the Swakop River in the north and the Naukluft Mountains in the south (Figure 1). The survey was carried out using a Bell Jet Ranger 206 helicopter (V5-HIR) with a crew of four using standard aerial survey methodology.

Hartung Q, Hartung V 2013. Results of the annual game count for the NamibRand Nature Reserve and Pro-Namib Conservancy 1 June 2013.

This report provides summarised results and analysis of the annual game count held on the NamibRand Nature Reserve and Pro-Namib Conservancy on the 1st of June 2013- for the ninth consecutive year since the count was initiated in 2005. This was also the second year running that the farms Springbokvlakte and Saffier were included in the count since they joined to the reserve in 2012. Teamwork was once again the essence of the day as all concessionaires, landowners, neighbours and NRNR staff joined in to participate in the event.

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Game count report 2013_Namib Rand.pdf 1.29 MB
Gondwana Collection Namibia 2012. Gondwana Canon Park game count 2012.

Springbok numbers were down during 2012 due to dispersal into broken hilly country to the west of the park. Where they were present, they were only found in small groups which could have resulted in under counting.

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Gondwana Canon Park game count 2012.pdf 680.93 KB
Scott A 2012. Results of the annual game count for the NamibRand Nature Reserve and Pro-Namib Conservancy 2 June 2012.

This report provides feedback and results of the annual game count held on NamibRand Nature Reserve and the Pro-Namib Conservancy on 2 June 2012 - for the eighth consecutive year since the counts were initiated in 2005. As usual, this event was combined with the Reserve’s annual general meeting, which makes it an ideal opportunity to hold a game count with community participation. In June 2009 a new area was added to the existing eight zones (Zone 9), in order to incorporate the Pro-Namib Conservancy.

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NRNR game count June 2012.pdf 1.34 MB
Gondwana Collection Namibia 2012. Gondwana Kalahari Park game count 2012.
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Gondwana Kalahari Park game count 2012.pdf 950.46 KB
2012. NamibRand Nature Reserve species checklist - Mammals (66 species: 5 December 2012).
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NRNR species list mammals.pdf 57.29 KB
Gondwana Collection Namibia 2011. Gondwana Canon Park game count 2011.

Numbers of some species were up in 2011 due to the effect of good rains. This also caused a decrease in Mountain Zebra numbers as they moved westwards out of the park.

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Gondwana Canon Park game count 2011.pdf 955.49 KB
Gondwana Collection Namibia 2011. Gondwana Kalahari Park game count 2011.
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Gondwana Kalahari Park game count 2011.pdf 570.52 KB
2011. NamibRand Nature Reserve species checklist - Reptiles (50 species: 21 June 2011).
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NRNR species list reptiles.pdf 48.77 KB
Gondwana Collection Namibia 2010. Gondwana Canon Park game count 2010.
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Gondwana Canon Park game count 2010.pdf 763.08 KB
Kilian JW 2010. The use of GPS /Satellite collars to study the movement patterns of elephant in the Kunene Region in an integrated way to conserve elephants in a sustainable manner across a mosaic of landscapes.

This proposed study focuses on the elephants of the Kunene/Etosha cluster. The elephants outside Etosha is still largely a free ranging population over much of a 100 000 km² range. For the purpose of this proposal the study area (Figure 1) encompasses the extreme western area of Etosha, Skeleton Coast Park, communal conservancies, concessions and the private farming land south of Etosha. The average rainfall ranges from <50mm to 300mm. Recently, human-elephant conflicts have received a lot of attention in this Region.

Kolberg H 2009. Summary of the 2007 Ringing Season in Namibia . Lanioturdus 42 (1) 15-19

The 30 June 2008 signaled the end of the 2007 ringing season and the following is a summary thereof. In total 9 637 birds of 270 species were ringed or re-trapped, controlled etc. this season. Out of this total 9 033 were newly ringed birds (i.e. SAFRING code 1). Data from 19 ringers was received and Dirk Heinrich once again is the "ringing king" of code 1 birds, followed by Tim Osborne and Mark Boorman but in the re-trap etc. category Tim pipped Dirk, followed by Ursula Franke. Dirk also held top spot in the number of different species ringed category.

Gondwana Collection Namibia 2009. Gondwana Namib Park game count 2009.
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Gondwana Namib Park game count 2009.pdf 539.94 KB
Kolberg H 2009. Of gale-force winds and balmy days - Narrative of twenty-five days of bird counting in the wild hinterland of Namibia . Lanioturdus 42 (2) 2-4
Gondwana Collection Namibia 2009. Gondwana Kalahari Park game count 2009.
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Gondwana Kalahari Park game count 2009.pdf 451.66 KB
Kolberg H 2009. Population Census of Flamingos in Namibia, July 2008 . Lanioturdus 42 (2) 12-14

The southern African Lesser Flamingo population was estimated to number 55,000 - 65,000 individuals in the mid-1990s, but these were either under estimates or the numbers have increased since, because at times Kamfers Dam, the Goldfields wetlands (in South Africa), Etosha Pan (Namibia) and Sua Pan (Botswana) each support more than that number. In order to try and get to grips with the size of the southern African population of Lesser Flamingos, a coordinated survey was planned for 20-21 July 2008.

Gondwana Collection Namibia 2008. Gondwana Kalahari Park game count 2008.
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Gondwana Kalahari Park game count 2008.pdf 758.78 KB
Gondwana Collection Namibia 2008. Gondwana Namib Park game count 2008.
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Gondwana Namib Park game count 2008.pdf 962.06 KB
Gondwana Collection Namibia 2008. Gondwana Canon Park game count 2008.
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Gondwana Canon Park game count 2008.pdf 981.19 KB
Ministry of Environment and Tourism (MET) 2007. Species Management Plan - Elephants, Loxodonta africana .

Elephants occur across the entire north of Namibia with two main sub-populations in the north-east and the north-west. In 2004 the total population was estimated at over 16,000 animals and, allowing for underestimates on aerial surveys, the true number in 2007 is likely to be closer to 20,000. The north-western population is about 4,000 animals and includes the elephants in Etosha. This appears to be growing at about 3.3% per annum and expanding its range.

2005. North west aerial survey 2005 - first draft, 24 November 2005.
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North west aerial survey 2005.pdf 2.87 MB
Gondwana Collection Namibia 2004. 2004 Game count in Gondwana Canon Park .
Brown CJ, Stander P, Meyer-Rust R, Mayes S 2004. Results of a Crocodile Crocodylus niloticus survey in the river systems of north-east Namibia during August 2004 .

This study has provided baseline data on crocodile numbers from aerial and spotlight counts. These data can be used with the results of future counts to determine population trends. The census has also provided information on their distribution of crocodiles in the Kavango and Caprivi regions. And third, it has resulted in the first population estimate for crocodiles in the north-east wetlands of Namibia.

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Crocodile Survey in NE Namibia_2004.pdf 404.87 KB
Gondwana Collection Namibia 2003. 2003 Game count in Gondwana Canon Park - Methodology.

A vehicle-based road count method is used. This method works well for common plains game but will not give good results for all species; especially smaller secretive animals, nocturnal animals, and animals in mountainous areas. Other monitoring methods (e.g. aerial census, foot patrols, specialist species monitoring) and local knowledge are also important. This means that the road counts will provide part of the information rather than replace these other methods - i.e. the methods all work together each providing a piece of the 'pie'.

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