Freshwater and seawater are critical to Tunacor's operations, particularly for cleaning and processing activities. While freshwater is sourced via Walvis Bay Municipality’s supply network - monitored through metered connections - the company recognizes the strain on the Kuiseb River aquifer, which serves both residential and industrial needs. To mitigate this, Tunacor invested in seawater abstraction and treatment systems. By treating seawater for internal use and rigorously monitoring effluent quality before discharge, the company reduces reliance on freshwater resources. Tunacor has obtained an Environmental Clearance Certificate for these activities. The ECC has since expired. It is on this basis that the proponent has engaged ECT to apply for the renewal of the previously issued ECC.