The Epembe carbonatite dyke was emplaced along a northwest-trending fault zone into syenites and nepheline syenites of the Epembe Subsuite (Epembe-Swartbooisdrift Alkaline Suite). It extends for approximately 6.5 km in a northwest - southeast direction, with a maximum outcrop width of 400 m. The Epembe carbonatite has a Mesoproterozoic age of 1184 ± 10 Ma; field relationships support that it is younger than the enclosing nepheline syenites dated at 1216 ± 2.4 Ma. This study examines geochemical and mineralogical variations within the carbonatite dyke, with special emphasis on rare earth elements (REE). Analytical and petrographic results show that it primarily consists of coarse-grained calcite, with accessory apatite, pyrochlore, aegirine, feldspar and iron oxide, and therefore classifies as calcio-carbonatite. Although the concentration of REE (total REE+Y) in the Epembe carbonatite dyke ranges from 406 to 912 ppm, no REE-minerals were observed in the analysed samples, except for monazite in trace amounts. It is concluded that REE are either contained in accessory minerals, such as apatite and pyrochlore, and/or gangue minerals (e. g. silicates and carbonates). The Epembe carbonatite is enriched in light rare earth elements (LREE) compared to heavy rare earth elements (HREE), which is attributed to fractional crystallisation and chemical substitution primarily affecting former. Keywords: Geochemistry, Rare earth elements (REE), Epembe carbonatite dyke.