Arid regions are home to unique fauna, flora, and vulnerable human populations, and present a challenge for sustainable land-use management. The authors undertook an assessment and valuation of three key services, grazing, tourism and water supply in the arid Succulent Karoo biome in western South Africa - a globally recognised biodiversity hotspot. Keywords: Conservation, Arid environments, Ecosystem, Sustainable land-use, Land-use management, Biodiversity, Arid biodiversity, Karoo biome.