Geomorphologists have long been impressed by the fact that climate has exerted strong control on landform development. In the case of glacial and arid landscapes the climatic control cuts across other controls such as rock type, rock structure and tectonic history. Those features that are particularly closely allied to aridity (especially under warmer climates, since cold deserts are absent in southern Africa) are described in this chapter. Keywords: Namibia, Namib Desert, Kuiseb River, Orange River, arid zone research, desert geomorphology, erosion, sediment transfer, sedimentation, fluvial processes, rainfall, weathering, aeolian deposits, desert geology, drainage.