1) Genetic diversity: the variation between individuals and between populations within a species; species diversity: the different types of plants, animals and other life forms within a region; community or ecosystem diversity: the variety of habitats found within an area (grassland, marsh, and woodland for instance. 2) An umbrella term to describe collectively the variety and variability of nature. It encompasses three basic levels of organisation in living systems: the genetic, species, and ecosystem levels. Plant and animal species are the most commonly recognized units of biological diversity, thus public concern has been mainly devoted to conserving species diversity. (Source: WRES / GILP96)



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Clark VR, Barker NP, Mucina L 2011. The Great Escarpment of southern Africa: a new frontier for biodiversity exploration. Biodiversity and Conservation 20 (12) 2543-2561
Willis SG, Hole DG, Collingham YC, Hilton G, Rahbek C, Huntley B 2009. Assessing the Impacts of Future Climate Change on Protected Area Networks: A Method to Simulate Individual Species' Responses. Environmental Management 43 (5) 836-845
Burke A, Kyläkorpi L, Rydgren B, Schneeweiss R 2008. Testing a Scandinavian Biodiversity Assessment Tool in an African Desert Environment. Environmental Management 42 (4) 698-706
Cowling RM, Esler KJ, Rundel PW 1999. Namaqualand, South Africa – an overview of a unique winter-rainfall desert ecosystem. Plant Ecology 142 (1-2) 3-21
Davies J, Poulsen L, Schulte-Herbrüggen B, Mackinnon K, Crawhall N, Henwood WD, Dudley N, Smith J, Gudka M 2012. Conserving Dryland Biodiversity.
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Conserving Dryland Biodiversity_2012.pdf 3.58 MB
Cowling RM, Hilton-Taylor C 1991. 4 - Plant biogeography, endemism and diversity. The karoo - Ecological Patterns and Processes 42-46
Reynolds JF, Smith DMS, Lambin EF, Turner BL, Mortimore M, Batterbury SPJ, Downing TE, Dowlatabadi H, Fernández RJ, Herrick JE, Huber-Sannwald E, Jiang H, Leemans R, Lynam T, Maestre FT, Ayarza M, Walker B 2007. Global Desertification: Building a Science for Dryland Development. Science 316 (5826) 847-851
Rapport DJ 1998. Biodiversity, and saving the earth. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 49 (2-3) 169-175
Reyers B, van Jaarsveld AS, Krüger M 2000. Complementarity as a biodiversity indicator strategy. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 267 505-513
Ministry of Environment and Tourism (MET) 2007. Strategic Plan 2007/8 - 2011/12.
Zedda L, Schultz M, Rambold G 2009. Diversity of epiphytic lichens in the savannah biome of Namibia. Herzogia 22 153 - 164
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Diversity of epiphytic lichens in the savannah biome of Namibia.pdf 2.06 MB