The decline in elephant numbers across most of Africa has not been uniform, with many populations growing rapidly in the southern part of the continent. The recent 'Elephant in the Room' conference in Zimbabwe focused on three main options - chopping elephant numbers; limiting further growth via contraception, or finding more space for a species that has already lost 85% of its historic living range due to human expansion. There was also a more limited discussion on the 'do nothing' option. It seems bizarre to be talking about killing or curbing the growth rate of Africa's elephants, considering that they were listed as "endangered" barely a decade ago following a dramatic 60% population drop over the past 50 years. Yet, the decline in elephant numbers across most of Africa has not been uniform, with many populations doing just fine or growing rapidly in the southern part of the continent. To the extent that some southern government officials and wildlife managers are calling for concerted action to limit further growth in certain parks, including the controversial resumption of large-scale culling operations. At a continental level, roughly 70% of Africa's 415,000 remaining elephants are in southern Africa, about 20% in East Africa and barely 10% in Central and West Africa.