First described as Aper aethiopicus Pallas, 1766 based on a live warthog from Cape Colony (area between Kaffraria and Great Namaqualand), South Africa, sent by the Governor of the Cape of Good Hope, Ryk Tulbagh, to the menagerie of the Prince of Orange in The Hague, the Netherlands (Rookmaaker 1989; Skead 2011). Pallas noted the absence of incisors in this individual. The species was acknowledged by Cuvier (1810, 1816) who, in 1826, applied the genus name 'Phacochoerus' ('a pig bearing a wart'; Morrison-Scott 1953; Grubb and d'Huart 2010). In 1788, Gmelin described a second species of warthog, the common warthog Sus africanus (now Phacochoerus africanus), from Cap-Vert, Senegal, which possessed well-developed, functional upper and lower incisors (see Chapter 9 of this book). Although various authors, including Cuvier (1816), Lönnberg (1909), Roosevelt and Heller (1915), and Heller (1914), accepted the two species of warthog, Lydekker (1908, 1911, 1915) considered both warthog taxa as one species, the common warthog, and erroneously referred to the species as 'P. aethiopicus'. Lydekker's taxonomic arrangement was followed by most authors with the result that, during the twentieth century, it was generally accepted by zoologists that there was but one species of warthog. Some palaeontologists, however, continued to recognize two species (Ewer 1957; Cooke and Wilkinson 1978; Grubb and d'Huart 2010, 2013; d'Huart et al. 2013; Grubb 2013). Phacochoerus a. delamerei was first described by Lönnberg (1909) from a Somali specimen. Although Lönnberg gave the name 'Phacochoerus delamerei' to this specimen, he recognized its resemblance to the Cape warthog of South Africa. Phacochoerus delamerei was accepted and additional specimens were obtained from Kenya. Lydekker (1908, 1911, 1915), however, (wrongly) considered delamerei to be a subspecies of the common warthog.