conservancy and 2 in Muduva Nyangana. Counts were undertaken over a period of 2 days during which time all animals seen were counted. Game species differ in the frequency with which they need to visit water resources with some able to acquire much of their hydration needs through foraging. Waterhole counts are therefore best suited to species (like elephants) which need to make regular trips to water points. Estimates are calculated using the number of count days, and the drinking frequency of the species. They are crude estimates as they are influenced by several assumptions including drinking frequencies and independence of sightings. The 6 waterholes counted were located in the southern extremes of the conservancies. In order to understand what proportion of all animals were seen at the waterholes, some idea of species travelling distance or waterhole catchment size is required. Alternatively future counts could include additional waterholes distributed more evenly across the conservancies. These counts are however useful in providing minimum estimates for species such as elephant, eland, giraffe, kudu and roan antelope.