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Namibian Wildlife Surveys archive

This archive of reports of wildlife surveys in Namibia aims to:

  • provide easy public access to published information and statistics
  • enable easy stakeholder access to recent and historical data on wildlife populations
  • provide a comprehensive archive of wildlife survey reports in Namibia

Public access to information is a vital component of ensuring community engagement in prevalent issues. Wildlife surveys are critical to determine the health of wildlife populations and determine trends over time to guide conservation and management actions. 

Wildlife surveys are done for different species using methods that are suited to counting them (e.g. by air or road) in their natural habitats. Such surveys need to be repeated over time to detect long-term trends and inform conservation managers. The Namibian government, non-governmental organisations and private reserves all conduct regular surveys covering different parts of Namibia and targeting different species. This archive will thus serve as a repository of our collective knowledge of the trends and status of a variety of species occurring throughout Namibia.

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Displaying results 1 - 50 of 58
Kopij G 2023. Status, distribution and numbers of birds in the Ogongo Game Park, north-central Namibia. Namibian Journal of Environment 7 (B) 9-20

In 2012, a simplified territory mapping method was employed to study the distribution and numbers of all birds breeding in the Ogongo Game Park (OGP). OGP is situated approximately 50 km north-west of Oshakati, in the Outapi district, Omusati region, North-Central Namibia. The area of the park is approximately 1000 ha. The vegetation of OGP comprises mainly mopane savanna Colophospermum-Acacia nilotica. In total, 142 bird species were recorded: 101 breeding residents, 19 regular visitors, 10 irregular visitors, 3 vagrants, 10 Palaearctic migrants.

Bussiere EMS, Potgieter D 2023. KAZA Elephant Survey 2022, Volume I: Results and Technical Report.

Following several years of preparation, the KAZA Elephant Survey (2022) commenced on 22 August 2022 and ran until 28 October 2022. The primary objective of the survey was to obtain a relatively precise and accurate estimate of the number of African savanna elephants (hereafter elephants) in the Kavango Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area (KAZA TFCA), by synchronising data collection, particularly in areas of transboundary elephant movement.

Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Tourism (MEFT), World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) 2023. The Kavango-Zambezi transfrontier elephant survey. Conservation and the Environment in Namibia 26-31

The first flight to begin an elephant survey covering parts of Angola, Botswana, Namibia,Zambia and Zimbabwe took off from a dirt strip in Zimbabwe on 22 August 2022. The survey area, known as the Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area (KAZA TFCA), hosts over half of Africa's savanna elephants, which underlines the importance of the survey.

Heydinger J, Muzuma U 2023. First-ever systematic lion population survey in northwest Namibia. Conservation and the Environment in Namibia 58-61

The lions of Namibia's Kunene Region are sought after by tourists, but they are a local threat to livestock farming, and are still largely unresearched in terms of their ecology and ranging behaviour. Though lions in Kunene have been monitored for more than twenty years, it may come as a surprise that the population has not been systematically counted throughout its range - until now. It is less surprising when one realises that the lion range in Kunene covers more than 51,000 km² of mountainous desert landscape.

Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2023. Game counts in Hardap Game Park: June 2023.
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Hardap Game Count 2023.pdf 689 KB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2023. Game Counts: Kavango East, July 2023.

The fundamental purpose of game counts in communal areas is to inform conservancies and MEFT of wildlife trends for the purposes of adaptive management of resources. While estimates of species numbers are provided, these should only be considered as an approximate guide to species abundance. The 2023 data suggest: populations for 4 of the main game species (Roan, Eland, Steenbok and Duiker) showed positive or stable trends. There were however sharp drops in the numbers of gemsbok and kudu seen. Estimates suggest that these populations are still well balanced in number.

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Kavango poster 2023 final.pdf 659.62 KB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2023. Game counts - transboundary: 2017 - 2023.

Estimates were calculated using DISTANCE which takes account in drop-off in detectability of animals with distance from the transect line. Where there are no values too few observations were recorded to allow for meaningful estimates to be derived. Attempts should be made to fill these gaps. Kwandu conservancy differs from the other 3 more strictly protected areas in that it contains a significant human presence. It is not expected to have the same species densities, but it is an important wildlife corridor between the national parks.

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Kaza_2023 final.pdf 383.91 KB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2023. Game counts in Luengue-Luiana N.P., October 2023.

Game counts in Luengue-Luiana N.P. (proclaimed in 2011) were initiated in 2018. Three road section transect routes were initially established. A further two were added in 2021. The transects are limited to the extreme south-eastern portion of the park and represent an area of approximately 2,030 km². The vegetation of the park is dominated by broad-leafed savannah with several riparian networks crossing the park. In total 28 species have been recorded. For large herd species like buffalo, or floodplain species like red lechwe, extrapolation is not appropriate.

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Luengue_Luiana poster 2023 final.pdf 620.89 KB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2023. Game counts in north-central Namibia: June 2023.
Numbers for Uukwaluudhi and Okongo are from foot transects in the core area. Although an additional 3 vehicle transects were undertaken in the Uukwaluudhi core area these are used for comparing counting methods and are not indicated here.
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North Central Game Count 2023 final.pdf 774.01 KB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2023. Game counts in north-west Namibia, Hobatere Concession: May 2023.
Game counts in north-west Namibia, Hobatere Concession: May 2023.
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North West Game Count_Hobatere 2023.pdf 378.34 KB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2023. Game counts in north-west Namibia, conservancies north of veterinary fence: May 2023.
Game counts in north-west Namibia, conservancies north of veterinary fence: May 2023.
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2023. Game counts in north-west Namibia, Palmwag and Etendeka Concessions: May 2023.
Game counts in north-west Namibia, Palmwag and Etendeka Concessions: May 2023.
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2023. Game counts in north-west Namibia, regional summary: May 2023.

Wildlife populations in north-west Namibia were severely impacted in the 1980s by a combination of severe drought and poaching. Community conservation, formalised in 1996 through conservancies facilitated an increase in wildlife numbers through controlled utilisation and effective control of poaching. Between 1996 and 2012 most species experienced stable or growing population trends, however, a prolonged dry phase after 2013 resulted in a steady decline in populations of many game species. It is unclear how much illegal harvesting contributed to the drop in animal numbers.

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North West Game Count_Regional 2023.pdf 625.48 KB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2023. Game counts in north-west Namibia, conservancies south of veterinary fence: May 2023.
Game counts in north-west Namibia, conservancies south of veterinary fence: May 2023.
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2023. Game counts - Nyae Nyae Conservancy, line transects: July 2023.

Line transects were initiated in 2017 and represent almost half of the total area of the conservancy and include most of the waterholes. The area not covered by transects has low animal densities due to reduced habitat suitability and people pressure. Transect counts have recorded 27 species including 7 predator species. Based on average spoor sightings and Event Book records, hyaena are the most common predator, followed by wild dog, leopard and jackal. The top 3 species in terms of sightings between 2017 and 2023 included wildebeest, elephant and kudu.

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Nyae Nyae transect count 2023 final.pdf 661.02 KB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2023. Nyae Nyar and N#A-Jaqna Conservancies full moon waterhole counts: 2023.
Nyae Nyar and N#A-Jaqna Conservancies full moon waterhole counts: 2023.
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Nyae Nyae waterhole 2023 final.pdf 517.38 KB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2023. Game counts in Sioma-Ngwezi N.P.: October 2023.

Annual game counts have been undertaken in Sioma-Ngwezi National Park since 2017 using road-route sections covering the western boundary, the southern area, and central area of the park. The vegetation of the park is dominated by miombo broad-leafed savanna but with some marshland associated with the Kwando river in the west (Sinjembela road and Mufulani road A). In 2021 several new routes were driven, however data from all except Namulilo road were discarded as they overlapped existing routes. Only a portion of Mulamba road route was counted.

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Sioma_Ngwezi_poster 2023 final.pdf 593.81 KB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2023. Game counts in southern Namibia: June 2023.
Game counts in southern Namibia: June 2023.
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Southern Conservancy Game Count 2023.pdf 711.39 KB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2023. Full moon waterhole counts in northern Kunene: 2023.

Waterhole counts were undertaken at selected sites in the escarpment zone of north-west Namibia. In 2018,18 waterholes in 7 conservancies were counted but from 2019 onwards, the number of waterholes was increased to more than 25 covering 11 conservancies. Counts were undertaken over a period of 2, 3 or 4 days during which time all animals seen were counted. Game species differ in the frequency with which they need to visit water resources with some able to acquire much of their hydration needs through foraging.

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Waterholes_NW_poster_2023.pdf 539.37 KB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2023. Game counts in Babwata N.P.: August 2023.
Game counts in Babwata N.P.: August 2023.
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2023. Game counts in east Zambezi: August 2023.
Game counts in east Zambezi: August 2023.
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Zambezi Game Count_East 2023 final.pdf 539.78 KB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2023. Game counts - Zambezi Rivers: August/September 2023.
Boat counts were undertaken along the Kwando river from the Angolan border to the southern boundary of Mudumu National Park (2021, 2022, 2023) and along the Okavango river from the northern part of the Buffalo core area to the Botswana border (2023). Total river length counted is approximately 190 km. Within Namibia animals on each side of the river were counted while, in the case of hippo, animals in the river were also counted.
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Zambezi Game Count_River 2023 final.pdf 374.13 KB
Kolberg H 2014. Summary of the 2013 Winter Wetland Bird Counts in Namibia . Lanioturdus 47 23-31
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2014. Game counts in southern Namibia, May 2014 .

Poster summarising the results of the 2014 south game count.

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South_game_count_poster_2014.pdf 641.04 KB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2014. Game counts in north-west Namibia, June 2014 .

Poster summarising the results of the 2014 North West game count.

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NW_game_count_poster_2014.pdf 737.28 KB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2014. Game counts in north-central Namibia .

Poster summarising game count results for the north Central conservancies in 2014.

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North_Central_Game_Count_Poster_2014.pdf 876.28 KB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2014. Game counts: Khaudum North Complex .

Game counts in Khaudum North Complex showing numbers seen by conservation area, habitat, compared to previous years, population estimates and trends.

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Khaudum count poster 2014.pdf 601.98 KB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2014. Game counts in Hardap Game Park, May 2014 .

Poster summarising the results of the 2014 Hardap game count.

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Hardap_game_count_poster_2014.pdf 715.51 KB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2014. Game counts in east Zambezi: Dry Season 2014 .

Game counts in East Zambezi (Caprivi); dry season, live sightings. showing Numbers seen by conservation area, habitat, compared to 2013, population estimates and trends.

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Zambezi game counts_East Zambezi_2014.pdf 676.97 KB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2014. Game counts in Bwabwata: Dry Season – Live sightings .

Game counts in Bwabwata; dry season, live sightings. showing Numbers seen by conservation area, habitat, compared to 2013, population estimates and trends.

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Zambezi game counts_Bwabwata_2014.pdf 764.6 KB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2014. Game counts in Bwabwata and Zambezi: Dry Season 2014 .

Game counts in Bwabwata and Zambezi (Caprivi); dry season, live sightings. showing Numbers seen by conservation area, habitat, compared to 2013, population estimates and trends.

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Zambezi_game_count_poster_2014.pdf 770.48 KB
Kolberg H 2014. Summary of the 2014 Summer Wetland Bird counts in Namibia . Lanioturdus 47 (3) 28-30

Summary of the 2014 Summer Wetland Bird counts in Namibia.

Craig GC, Gibson DSC 2014. Aerial survey of elephants and other wildlife in Zambezi Region, September/October 2014.

An aerial survey of wildlife and domestic livestock took place in Zambezi Region from 25th September to 4th October 2014. A total area of 11713 km2 was sampled at an average intensity of 14%.

Gondwana Collection Namibia 2014.   Gondwana Namib Park game count 2014.
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Gondwana Namib Park game count 2014.pdf 2.29 MB
Hartung Q 2014. Report on the Burchell's Zebra (Equus burchelli) and Red Hartebeest (Sigmoceros lichtensteinii) total road count done on the 24th of June 2014 .

On 24 June 2014 we conducted a total count of the Burchell’s Zebra and Red Hartebeest in of the Reserve. To get the total count we drove on designated routes, throughout the northern part of the Reserve, where the B. Zebra and Hartebeest herds are normally seen, and counted all the B. Zebra and Hartebeest seen. The count was divided into three routes, all starting from Keerweder at the same time.

Hartung Q, Hartung V 2014. Results of the NamibRand Nature Reserve and Pro-Namib Conservancy annual game count 31 May 2014.

This report provides summarised results and analysis of the annual game count held on the NamibRand Nature Reserve and the Pro-Namib Conservancy on the 31st of May 2014. This is the tenth consecutive year that the count was held since 2005 and the third year that the farms Springbokvlakte and Saffier have been included. Teamwork was once again the essence of the day as concessionaires, landowners, neighbours and NRNR staff joined in to participate in the event.

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NRNR game count report 2014.pdf 2.14 MB
Mendelsohn J, Mendelsohn M 2014. Observations on the movements and home ranges of Hartmann's Mountain Zebras and Oryx in the Greater Sossusvlei-Namib Landscape, December 2014.

This document provides an update of information on the movements and locations of 9 Hartmann’s mountain zebra and 9 oryx in the Greater Sossusvlei-Namib Landscape (GSNL). The report covers one year: from the last days of November 2013 when the transmitters were fitted to the end of November 2014. A previous report reviewed data collected during the first 7 months up to the 26th of June 2014. The locations of the animals were recorded every 5 hours up until late July 2014 when the recording frequency was adjusted to one signal per day recorded at approximately 06h00.

Mendelsohn J 2014. Observations on the movements and home ranges of Hartmann’s Mountain Zebras and Oryx in the Greater Sossusvlei-Namib Landscape, July 2014.

This document provides a summary of information on the movements and locations of 9 Hartmann’s mountain zebra and 9 oryx in the Greater Sossusvlei-Namib Landscape (GSNL). Each animal was fitted with a GPS tracking device on the 22nd or 23rd of November 2013. The locations of the animals were then recorded every 5 hours. This provided over one thousand locations for each animal during the 7 months from November 2013 to the 26th of June 2014, the date chosen as a cut-off for this review.

Craig GC, Gibson DSC 2014. Aerial survey of elephants and other wildlife in Zambezi Region September/October 2014.

The 2014 aerial survey of wildlife in Zambezi Region (formerly Caprivi Region) was conducted between 25 September and 4 October 2014. While the main emphasis was on numbers and distributions of elephants and elephant carcasses, sightings of other species were recorded as well as sightings of illegal activities and human settlements. The survey was conducted according to standard practices using stratified systematic transect sampling (Norton Griffiths, 1978) in a light aircraft (a Cessna 182) flying at a nominal height of 300 feet above the ground.

Kolberg H 2012. Report on the Winter 2011 Wetland Bird Counts in Namibia . Lanioturdus 45 (1) 31-40

The winter wetland bird counts were conducted during July and August 2011 at 32 sites throughout Namibia. The abnormal rainy season experienced in most parts of the country had resulted in plenty of water still being in the field and this was evident in the counts. Lower numbers than usual were recorded at most sites and the Walvis Bay count was the lowest since regular counts were started. The low numbers are due to an almost complete absence of flamingos, lower than usual numbers of geese and ducks and the absence of certain waders e.g.

Kolberg H 2012. Trends in Namibian Waterbird Populations 6: Spoonbill, Hamerkop, Flamingos and Cranes . Lanioturdus 45 (1) 17-21

The sixth article in the series on trends in Namibian waterbird populations summarises count data for African Spoonbill, Hamerkop, Greater and Lesser Flamingo and Wattled Crane for the period 1977 to December 2008. For each species the Red Data Book (RDB) status, both global and Namibian, is given, the population trend as per Wetlands International, the number of times the species was counted, the number of times it has passed the 1% population criterion, the maximum count and the sites where it has passed the 1% population criterion.

Kolberg H 2012. Trends in Namibian Waterbird Populations 7: Ducks and Geese (1) . Lanioturdus 45 (2) 17-22

This article continues the series on trends in Namibian waterbird populations and summarizes count data for ducks and geese for the period 1977 to December 2008. For each species the Red Data Book (RDB) status, both global and Namibian, is given, the population trend as per Wetlands International, the number of times the species was counted, the number of times it has passed the 1% population criterion, the maximum count and the sites where it has passed the 1% population criterion.

Kolberg H 2012. Trends in Namibian Waterbird Populations 7: Ducks and Geese (2) . Lanioturdus 45 (3) 15-19

This article continues the series on trends in Namibian waterbird populations and summarizes count data for ducks and geese for the period 1977 to December 2008. For each species the Red Data Book (RDB) status, both global and Namibian, is given, the population trend as per Wetlands International, the number of times the species was counted, the number of times it has passed the 1% population criterion, the maximum count and the sites where it has passed the 1% population criterion.

Kolberg H 2012. Summary of the 2012 Summer Wetland Bird Counts in Namibia . Lanioturdus 45 (4) 21

Wetland bird counts were once again conducted throughout Namibia during the months of January and February 2012. A total of 33 sites were covered resulting in 262 833 birds of 112 species. For the first time since 2007 counts were also conducted in the Caprivi, on the Okavango and the Kwando Rivers. The effects of the good rainy seasons over the past few years are still very evident with low numbers of especially flamingos and ducks recorded at the coast.

Kolberg H 2012. Trends in Namibian waterbird populations: Rails, Gallinules, Coot and Jacana . Lanioturdus 45 (4) 13-17

The eighth article in the series on trends in Namibian waterbird populations summarizes count data for six species for the period 1977 to December 2008. For each species the Red Data Book (RDB) status, both global and Namibian, is given, the population trend as per Wetlands International, the number of times the species was counted, the number of times it has passed the 1% population criterion, the maximum count and the sites where it has passed the 1% population criterion.

Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2012. Game counts in southern Namibia, May 2012 .

Poster summarising the results of the 2012 south game count.

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South_game_count_poster_2012.pdf 252.2 KB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2012. Game counts in north-west Namibia, June 2012 .

Poster summarising the results of the 2012 north west game count.

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NW_game_count_poster_2012.pdf 738.1 KB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2012. Game counts in north-central Namibia, July .

Poster summarising the results of the 2012 north central game count.

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NC_Game count poster 2012.pdf 1.07 MB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2012. Game counts in Hardap Game Park, May 2012 .

Poster summarising the results of the 2012 Hardap game count.

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Hardap_game_count_poster_2012.pdf 494.97 KB
Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organisations (NACSO) 2012. Game counts in Caprivi Communal Conservancies: Dry Season 2012 .

Game counts in communal conservancies in Caprivi; dry season, live sightings. showing Numbers seen by conservation area, habitat, compared to 2011, population estimates and trends.

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Caprivi game count conservancies only.pdf 207.91 KB

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