The Republics of Botswana and Namibia are party to the Kavango Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area (KAZA TFCA) for which a treaty was signed by Heads of State in August 2011 (KAZA TFCA Treaty 2011). One of the fundamental tenets of the KAZA Treaty, to promote connectivity to support migratory wildlife species, is discordant with the veterinary cordon fencing across the TFCA that limits wildlife’s access to, for example, grazing and water resources, the availability of such resources varying seasonally. In addition, the KAZA Treaty helpfully includes an objective to "promote and facilitate the harmonisation of relevant legislation, policies and approaches in the area of transboundary animal disease prevention, surveillance and control within the KAZA TFCA". Reconciling sectoral land use conflicts is thus integral to the success of this ambitious conservation and development initiative, with more than 70% of land in the TFCA being inhabited by communities living in close proximity to protected areas, with inherent challenges at the interface between wildlife, livestock and people. As the Treaty emphasises, addressing issues at this interface requires a cross-sectoral, integrated and holistic approach. This report provides an assessment of livestock disease risks under current fencing conditions versus those associated with potential removal of specific sections of veterinary fences, with an emphasis on the Botswana-Namibia border. The work was conducted by a collaborative team representing the Governments of Botswana and Namibia, along with representatives from the Botswana Vaccine Institute, Okavango Research Institute and the broader KAZA Animal Health Sub Working Group. Under the KAZA umbrella and spearheaded by the AHEAD programme (Cornell University), a team of regional experts undertook the work between September 2022 and June 2024.