Status of rhinos - Africa: By the end of December 2024, Africa had an estimated 22,540 rhinoceroses (rhinos) comprising of 6,788 black rhinos (Diceros bicornis) and 15,752 white rhinos (Ceratotherium simum). This is similar to the figures for African rhinos at the end of 2021 reported at the 19th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (CoP19; Panama City, 2022) (22,137 rhinos comprising 6,195 black and 15,942 white rhinos). There were a further 214 black rhinos (D. bicornis) and 1,299 white rhinos (C. simum) in zoos and other facilities in other continents. Eastern (D. b. michaeli) and South-central (D. b. minor) black rhinos increased, while increases in South-western black (D. b. bicornis) and Southern white (C. s. simum) were offset by losses in the same period since 2021. By 2024, black rhino numbers had increased by 5.2% since 2023 while white rhinos had declined by 11.2% over the same period. In addition to illegal killing, African rhino losses were driven by factors such as extended droughts, management limitations including restricted access to specialized support due to policy shifts favouring national service providers, population corrections to previous surveys, and/or poor population reporting from some countries or jurisdictions. Apart from a few sites, rhinos live mostly in small, fragmented populations that occur in restricted and isolated areas. Strategic management efforts are required to maintain their demographic and genetic viability.