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Namibian Wildlife Crimes article archive

This archive of published media articles about wildlife crime in Namibia aims to:

  • provide easy public access to published information and statistics
  • enable easy stakeholder access to articles
  • provide a comprehensive archive of wildlife crime reporting in Namibia

Public access to information is a vital component of ensuring community engagement in prevalent issues. Wildlife crime is one of the pressing environmental issues of our time.

Wildlife crime investigations are generally covert operations requiring utmost confidentiality to succeed. Investigations and prosecutions in complex cases may take months or even years to complete. For this reason, the information that can be released to the public without compromising cases is often limited. Nonetheless, the Namibian government strives to share as much information as possible with the public.

The Namibian media has welcomed this approach and regularly publishes statistics and feature articles on wildlife crime. These are entered into the database at regular intervals, creating a comprehensive archive of wildlife crime reporting in Namibia.

Explore your search results using the filter checkboxes, or amend your search or start a new search.

Displaying results 1 - 50 of 61
Sunday, 31 August 2025
2025. Namibian officers enhance skills in fight against wildlife trafficking.

Five Namibian law enforcement officers recently completed two weeks of advanced training at the International Law Enforcement Academy (ILEA) in Otse, Botswana. The training, facilitated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), brought together officers from Namibia, Botswana, Equatorial Guinea, Kenya, and Liberia. Participants strengthened their investigative skills, learned advanced techniques to track traffickers, and reinforced regional cooperation in the fight against the illegal trade in rhino horn, elephant ivory, and other high-value species.

Friday, 29 August 2025
Kidangoor A 2025. Tracking rhino horn trade: Interview with International Rhino Foundation's Nina Fascione.

A new report has found that the population of Javan rhinos has decreased since 2021 as a result of poaching. The report by the IUCN also found that the population of black rhinos saw an increase in Africa. Nonprofit International Rhino Foundation, which synthesized the data in the report, has now helped fund a tool to monitor and visualize illegal rhino horn trade globally. The tool aims to aid conservationists, NGOs and governments in informing and enforcing stricter policies.

Thursday, 28 August 2025
Zenda C 2025. To burn or to sell? Africa is divided over its growing mountain of rhino horns.

The recent arrest of prominent former rhino baron, John Hume, and five others for allegedly running a criminal racket that trafficked nearly 1,000 rhino horns from South Africa, has brought the fore the emotive debate about what should be done to the rhino horn stockpiles that have continued to grow since a ban on international rhino horn trade came into effect nearly five decades ago.

Thursday, 28 August 2025
Adude P 2025. Detection dogs enhance fight against illegal wildlife trade.

The deployment of dogs at Entebbe International Airport has led to a significant drop in trafficking cases over the years As Uganda continues its efforts to combat wildlife crime, conservationists have urged the government to intensify the deployment of canine units in national parks and at international transit points throughout the country. The move is seen as critical to strengthening the fight against the illegal wildlife trade.

Thursday, 28 August 2025
Gunia A 2025. There are just two northern white rhinos left. This film follows the race to save them from extinction.

At a nature reserve in central Kenya, the last two northern white rhinos in existence live under the 24/7 protection of armed guards. The subspecies has been driven to near extinction by decades of poaching and civil war in its range of central Africa. A new documentary, "The Last Rhinos: A New Hope," which premiered on National Geographic on August 24, and is now streaming on Disney and and Hulu, chronicles the fight to save the northern white.

Tuesday, 26 August 2025
Steynberg F 2025. Rhino farmer arrested.

The largest rhino farmer in Namibia says the arrest of his South African role model and mentor, John Hume, is a kind of witch hunt and politically motivated. Jaco Muller of the Rhino Momma Project expressed his opinion after the world's largest rhino farmer was arrested last week. Asked whether Namibia's application to CITES for the legal trade in rhino horn would be negatively affected by this, Muller said that Hume had gone bankrupt precisely because of the ban on the legal trade in rhino horn.

Tuesday, 26 August 2025
Westerdale J 2025. Notorious South African wildlife criminal's dubious pursuit of hunting permit in Botswana.

Poaching accused Dawie Groenewald is allegedly conducting wildlife operations in one of South Africa's neighbouring countries. Reports from Botswana state that Groenewald had been spotted camping with clients near the Kwando River in Namibia under an alias. He is currently out on bail in two separate cases in Limpopo and Mpumalanga linked to rhino poaching.

Tuesday, 26 August 2025
Zwilling J 2025. Tagging vultures can reveal carcass poisoning and prevent mass mortalities in endangered vulture species.

Mortalities at poisoned carcasses significantly contribute to the population decline of many vulture species. As vultures employ social strategies and follow each other in their search for food, one poisoned carcass can kill hundreds of individuals of endangered species such as the white-backed vulture.

Tuesday, 26 August 2025
2025. Uganda's Wildlife Protection enhanced with UWA takeover of Canine Unit.

A team of highly trained dogs has become one of Uganda’s strongest weapons against wildlife traffickers. Now, the Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA) has assumed full responsibility for managing this canine unit, in a shift that conservationists say will secure the program’s long-term future. The takeover ends nearly a decade of joint management with the African Wildlife Foundation (AWF), which helped establish the initiative in 2016.

Monday, 25 August 2025
Steynberg F 2025. Legalizing rhino horn trade takes a team effort.

Namibia's largest rhino farmer says the arrest of his South African hero and mentor, John Hume, is a witch hunt and politically driven. Jaco Muller of the Rhino Momma Project has expressed his opinion after the arrest of the world's largest rhino farmer last week. Asked if this would negatively affect Namibia's application to CITES for the legal trade in rhino horn, Muller said it was precisely because of the ban on the legal trade in rhino horn that Hume went bankrupt.

Saturday, 23 August 2025
Swigonski M 2025. Officials enact new law with major impact on fishing industry: 'Strict enforcement protects law-abiding operators'.

An African nation has enacted a policy to curb illegal fishing and ensure the sustainability of the fishing industry for years to come. As New Era Live reported, Namibia has reduced its bycatch limit from 5% to 2% in an effort to protect marine life. The government has also opted to increase penalties to deter violators. Bycatch limits are the maximum amounts of species that can be caught unintentionally during fishing operations. These limits are often designed to minimize the impact of fishing on vulnerable populations and ecosystems.

Friday, 22 August 2025
2025. Mozambique: Man arrested with elephant tusks, two others escape in Mágoè, Tete Province.

Mozambican police have arrested a person trying to sell four elephant tusks in Mágoè, Tete province, central Mozambique, a source from the National Criminal Investigation Service (SERNIC) has said. "This is an arrest in flagrante delicto, which occurred in Mágoè district, where this individual was in possession of four ivory tips, weighing approximately 22 kilograms," Sernic spokesperson in Tete, Celina Roque, told media.

Friday, 22 August 2025
Mokhethi S 2025. Lesothos outdated laws fail to protect threatened plant species.

An unregulated trade in pelargonium, a protected species, is causing environmental destruction across Lesotho. Five people were recently found guilty of illegally dealing in pelargonium. They were fined M200 (equivalent to R200). In a scathing judgment, magistrate Thabang Tapole found serious flaws in the government's permitting system and said laws should be updated to effectively deter people from breaking environmental laws. He also highlighted how local harvesters are paid "peanuts" for a product that sells at high prices internationally.

Thursday, 21 August 2025
Carnie T 2025. South Africa: How John Hume allegedly schemed to defy global rhino horn trade ban.

The State alleges that Hume, in association with his five alleged co-conspirators, knew or ought to have known that their enterprise 'uses or invests, directly or indirectly (Hume's) rhino horns, other rhino horns and rhino skins to fuel the illegal market'. A dark shadow has been cast around the "conservation hero" mantle of South African rhino baron John Hume following sensational allegations that he purchased or purloined the identity documents of several indigent people as part of an elaborate scheme to fraudulently circumvent a 50-year-old global ban on the rhino horn trade…

Thursday, 21 August 2025
2025. South Africa: Leading conservationist in South Africa denies smuggling rhino horns worth $14m.

A leading conservationist in South Africa, charged with smuggling rhino horns worth $14 million, has insisted he has "nothing to hide". In a statement, John Hume, the former owner of what is thought to be the world's largest rhino farm, denies allegations that he trafficked the horns from South Africa to South East Asia. Hume (83) and five others, including a lawyer and a game reserve manager, have appeared in court on 55 charges, including theft, money laundering and fraud.

Thursday, 21 August 2025
Takwa E 2025. Tanzania and Kenya are in a joint bid to combat the illegal fauna, flora, wildlife trade.

Yokohama - Tanzania and Kenya have announced a joint bid to champion digital public infrastructure, a regional command and control centre to address human-nature conflicts in Africa, as per the Lusaka Agreement Known officially as the Lusaka Agreement on Cooperative Enforcement Operations directed at Illegal trade in wild fauna and flora, it is a treaty focused on combating illegal wildlife trade.

Wednesday, 20 August 2025
Joel L 2025. Namibia: Illegal settlements threaten wildlife conservation.

Nkurenkuru - The Maurus Nekaro Conservancy in the Kavango West region is grappling with significant management challenges that threaten its wildlife conservation mission. Manager of the conservancy Muhepa Matheus said this during discussions between conservancy officials and parliamentary standing committee members specialising in natural resources here last week. Established in 2016 and gazetted in August 2017, the 1 117 square hectare conservancy has achieved notable successes in community development while protecting wildlife resources.

Wednesday, 20 August 2025
Pinnock D 2025. Elephants and humans at risk - deaths, disinformation and a search for solutions.

As delegates at a two-day indaba reached for solutions to human-elephant conflict, there were many who were happy to reach for their guns. At the Southern African Elephant Indaba at Bonamanzi Game Reserve in KwaZulu-Natal last week, landowners, provincial officials, conservationists, academics and some NGOs gathered for two days of fierce debate. The meeting was framed as a search for a solution to human/elephant conflict (HEC), but from the opening sessions a deeper tension was clear: was this about people’s real struggles, or about justifying a return to widespread culling and…

Tuesday, 19 August 2025
2025. Conservation vs. Livelihoods: The complex challenge of wildlife protection in Africa.

In the forests of Cameroon, a single conservation program has seized 1,392 kg of bushmeat, arrested 25 poachers, and destroyed 260 hunting camps, yet hunting pressure resumes whenever enforcement resources are withdrawn. This pattern, repeated across Africa, reveals the fundamental challenge facing wildlife conservation: economic incentives consistently outweigh protection measures when conservation efforts fail to address the underlying livelihood dependencies that drive wildlife exploitation.

Tuesday, 19 August 2025
2025. Multimillion-rand rhino horn syndicate busted, six arrested.

Five men and a woman have appeared before the Pretoria Magistrates' Court for illegal rhino poaching. They have been linked to an international fraudulent scheme involving over 960 rhino horns, worth millions of rands, destined for illegal markets in Southeast Asia. It is alleged that the suspects defrauded the Forestry, Fisheries and Environment Department by securing permits under false pretenses to buy and sell rhino horns domestically, while funneling them into illegal international markets. Forestry, Fisheries and Environment Minister Dion George has hailed the arrests.

Monday, 18 August 2025
2025. Namibia wants to sell 46 000 kg of its ivory stockpile.

Namibia is pinning its hopes on the upcoming COP20 of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) for approval to legally sell a portion of its ivory stockpile. The summit will take place in Uzbekistan from 24 November to 5 December. According to the proposal, Namibia currently has just over 92 386 kg of ivory, valued at about N$166 million. The ivory was stockpiled via population management and seizures, in roughly equal parts. Namibia does not destroy its ivory.

Monday, 18 August 2025
Carnie T 2025. Hooks, lines and sinkers - the painful consequences of abandoned fishing gear.

When birds become entangled, the fishing line often becomes tight, stopping the flow of blood, resulting in swelling and eventually foot or toe loss. This also means that the entangled birds can no longer roost on tree branches at night as they no longer have the capability to clasp onto the branch when the wind blows.

Sunday, 17 August 2025
Evans J 2025. How illegal harvesting of vulnerable plants and animals strips the Cape's ecology.

Many times a week, CapeNature compliance officers and SAPS units chase down plant poachers - some driven by economic hardship, others by profit - supplying a market for ornamental conversation pieces in homes around the world. Whether buyers realise it or not, the trade has cascading ecological impacts and undermines tourism livelihoods. Between April and June 2025, CapeNature - the public institution responsible for biodiversity conservation in the Western Cape - registered 12 biodiversity crime cases. Eight involved flora (plant life), while four related to fauna (animal life…

Friday, 15 August 2025
Engel K 2025. Plant poaching in South Africa: The million rand Miracle Bush Lily heist.
Plant poaching in South Africa: The million rand Miracle Bush Lily heist
Thursday, 14 August 2025
2025. Suspected rhino-horn possession case postponed again.

The long-running case against Schalk Abraham “AB” Steyn and Limpopo game farmer Dawie Groenewald, who face charges of illegal possession and transportation of rhino horns, has been postponed yet again. The pair briefly appeared in the Nelspruit Regional Court on August 13, where the matter was set down for a pretrial conference on November 10. Steyn and Groenewald were arrested together on July 20, 2021, at a property in the Riverside area, where 19 rhino horns were allegedly found. They were granted bail of R50 000 each shortly afterwards.

Tuesday, 12 August 2025
Hartman A 2025. Elderly man with lizard_tortoise free on bail.

An elderly resident (68) of Swakopmund who is accused of illegally keeping a lizard and a turtle was granted bail of N$15000 yesterday, after the state dropped its opposition to his release. Jürgen Michael Riegel, a German citizen with permanent residence in Namibia, appeared before Magistrate Nelao Brown for his formal application for bail in the magistrate's court in this town. The case did not go as planned, after public prosecutor Anita Likius told the court: "We have no objection to the accused being granted bail." Likius also said the investigation was complete.

Monday, 11 August 2025
Kgamanyane J 2025. Poaching by public servants rising.

Wildlife authorities in Ngamiland have expressed concern over the alarming involvement of public servants in poaching activities in the region. The illegal hunting by these officers is said to mostly occur while they are on official duty in areas with abundance of wild animals and while using government vehicles. This worrying surge has reportedly reached the District Commissioner’s office who is said to have early this year summoned some heads of departments to express his concern.

Sunday, 10 August 2025
2025. Eight Oryxes hunted illegally in the Namib Naukluft, suspects at large.

THE Namibian police are relentlessly searching for still-unknown suspects who on Friday entered the Namib Naukluft National Park in the Sesriem policing area of the Hardap Region and killed eight oryx valued at N$36,000 without a valid hunting permit. According to the police, the suspects, who entered the park in a vehicle, are wanted for hunting huntable game without a permit and for hunting on state land. The Namib Naukluft National Park is of great importance due to its unique desert environment, diverse wildlife, and rich geological and historical significance.

Thursday, 7 August 2025
2025. Rhino poaching falls, but populations still at risk - new global report warns of multiple threats.

Rhino poaching in Africa drops to lowest level since 2011, but total rhino numbers decline 6.7%, with white rhinos at near two-decade low. Asian rhinos stable, but Critically Endangered species in Indonesia face extinction. Illegal rhino horn trade remains global threat: 1.8 tonnes seized in three years (approx. 716 whole horns), with South Africa, home to the largest rhino populations, continuing to be most affected.

Tuesday, 5 August 2025
2025. Kenya: Burundians charged in Mombasa over illegal possession of elephant tusks.

Two Burundian nationals have been charged in a Mombasa court with illegal possession and trade in elephant tusks in an intensified crackdown on wildlife trafficking. Gakiza Sulemani and Nkunubumwe Celecius appeared before Senior Resident Magistrate David Odhiambo on Monday, facing charges of dealing in 27 pieces of elephant tusks without a permit. According to the charge sheet, the tusks - classified as trophies from endangered species - weighed approximately 62.85 kilograms and had an estimated market value of Sh12,570,000.

Monday, 4 August 2025
Hyolmo SL 2025. Former poachers guard Cabo Verde's endangered sea turtles.

Conservation organizations are employing Cabo Verdeans, who formerly hunted endangered and threatened sea turtles, as rangers who now monitor and patrol beaches. From 2007-24, illegal catches of female turtles on one island plummeted from 1,253 to a mere 20, while nesting sites of vulnerable loggerhead turtles increased sevenfold, according to data by a conservation NGO.

Monday, 4 August 2025
Smit E 2025. Namibia wants to sell more than 46 tons of ivory.

Namibia is pinning its hopes on the upcoming COP20 of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) for approval to legally sell some of its ivory stocks. A formal proposal has already been submitted. The summit will take place in Uzbekistan from November 24 to December 5. According to the proposal submitted by Namibia, the country currently has just over 92 386 kg of ivory with a value of about N$166 million. The ivory comes from population management and seizures, about half each. Namibia does not destroy its ivory.

Monday, 4 August 2025
2025. Crime syndicates are plundering Zambia's heritage plant - why it matters.

04 August 2025 Devil's Claw has oddly shaped fruit with spikes that look like claws to deter animals. The plant's tubers are highly sought after for medicinal use as they are considered to have anti-inflammatory properties. Peace Parks Foundation in western Zambia's Sioma Ngwezi National Park, a little-known medicinal plant is vanishing - not from overuse by local communities, but at the hands of international crime syndicates.

Thursday, 31 December 2020
2020. China jails ivory smuggling ringleaders for life in landmark case.

17 people sentenced for moving millions of dollars in tusks from West Africa as part of the biggest illicit network of its kind in China. Life terms show authorities are coming down hard on illegal trade, campaigner says.

Wednesday, 30 December 2020
2020. Suspected poacher shot and killed on Farm Hamakari.

A 27-year-old man suspected to have been a poacher, died instantly in the early hours of Monday after he was allegedly shot in the chest on a game farm near Okakarara. The spokesperson of the Namibian Police Force in the Otjozondjupa Region, Inspector Maureen Mbeha on Monday said the deceased has been identied as Claudius Hameva from Okakarara.

Monday, 28 December 2020
Hattingh E 2020. Boere steier onder misdaad - Miljoene se vee, wild in 2020 gesteel.

Sedert die begin van die jaar het boere in die Kalkfeld-, Omitara-, Witvlei- en Steinhausen-omgewing ’n gesamentlike verlies van meer as N$3,35 miljoen aan die diefstal van vee, wild en infrastruktuur gely. Die afgelope drie maande was die bloedigste en diewe het hier eiendom ter waarde van bykans N$1,1 miljoen weggedra. Sedert die begin van die jaar tot November, is in die Omitara-, Witvlei- en Steinhausen-omgewing verliese van meer as N$1,65 miljoen weens diefstal by die Nossob Misdaadvoorkomingsforum (NCPF) aangemeld. Die forum, wat noukeurig sedert sy ontstaan…

Monday, 28 December 2020
2020. British troops train Zambian rangers to tackle poaching.

Soldiers from the Royal Gurkha Rifles have trained Zambian rangers in anti-poaching skills and tactics – the first UK deployment of its kind in the country. The 30-strong unit spent six weeks in Zambia, sharing soldiering skills with the rangers to help strengthen their response to poaching and the illicit wildlife trade – thought to be worth £17bn a year internationally to criminal gangs. With a large elephant population and rare and endangered species in Zambia, there has been an increase in the number of groups selling illegal animal products internationally,…

Sunday, 27 December 2020
2020. Renosterhoring, ivoor op Swakop-plot gevind.

‘n Bejaarde man is gister by die Swakopmundrivier-plotte glo met ‘n ou renosterhoring en vyf stukke olifanttande in sy besit vasgetrek. Volgens die Namibiese polisie se misdaadverslag volg die inhegtenisneming van die 69-jarige man nadat die volgende ander items ná ‘n soektog glo in sy besit gevind is: 27 patrone van ‘n .308-geweer, twee patrone van ‘n R1- outomatiese aanvalsgeweer en 33 patrone van ‘n .22-vuurwapen.

Wednesday, 23 December 2020
Smit E 2020. New project to protect black rhino.

A grant of 200 000 euro has been awarded to Save the Rhino Trust (SRT) Namibia to support local communities in protecting the world's last free-ranging black rhino population. It will also assist with the sustainability of initiatives that bring revenue to these communities. The project is funded by the Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States (OACPS) and the European Union (EU), through the Biodiversity and Protected Areas Management (BIOPAMA) Programme. According to SRT, this two-year project will train and equip trackers and rhino rangers to…

Tuesday, 22 December 2020
Smit E 2020. Donors keep boots on ground.

Despite global economic uncertainty, the Save the Rhino Trust's long-standing donors continued international and national support and kept boots on the ground. This is according to the organisation's CEO, Simon Uri-Khob, who thanked the SRT team and all partners and donors for their hard work in dealing with the adverse effects of the coronavirus pandemic during the year. From April to August, Namibia was in various stages of government-mandated lockdown.

Monday, 21 December 2020
Steffen F 2020. SRT großzügig unterstützt.

BIOPAMA: 200000 Euro für Schutz des Spitzmaulnashorns. Knapp 3,8 Millionen N$ soll der Naturschutzfonds Save the Rhino Trust in den kommenden zwei Jahren zwecks verbesserter Ausbildung und Nachrüstung der Naturschutzbeamten in den Kommunalgebieten empfangen, in denen die letzten freilebenden Spitzmaulnashörner Namibias und sogar der Welt vorkommen.

Sunday, 20 December 2020
Ebersole R 2020. The black-market trade in wildlife has moved online, and the deluge is 'dizzying'.

When a squad of federal and state law enforcement agents with guns and bulletproof vests entered a single-story brick home in Buffalo, New York, on July 5, 2018 they were searching for business records of a suspected criminal enterprise. Experts trained to handle dangerous exotic cats congregated in a sunroom pungent with the odor of cat urine.

Tuesday, 15 December 2020
Tjivikua JB 2020. The fate of ivory stockpiles.

An intense debate continues to rage over whether the Namibian government should maintain its existing stockpiles of collected legal and confiscated illegal ivory. Trading in valuable wildlife products is one of the most important incentives for Namibia's coexistence with wildlife, especially rhinos and elephants, to support its conservation. There are two categories of stockpiles: Those held legally and those held illegally. Legally-held stockpiles consist of raw ivory, and are mostly owned by the government under the Controlled Wildlife Products and Trade Act 9 of 2008…

Sunday, 13 December 2020
Ruzvidzo W 2020. Zimbabwe: Five poachers gunned down.

Five poachers were gunned down by Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority (Zimparks) rangers in 10 incidents of armed confrontation in national parks this year amid an intensifying crackdown on poaching by authorities. Poaching activities declined significantly this year, thanks to the introduction of new anti-poaching strategies that include deployment of high-tech drones to monitor conservancies, retraining of rangers and the introduction of a shoot-to-kill policy.

Saturday, 12 December 2020
2020. Five white rhinos killed by poachers in November in Botswana.

At least five white rhinos were killed and dehorned on different occasions in November, the Department of Wildlife and National Parks in Botswana confirmed Thursday.

Saturday, 12 December 2020
Nembwaya H 2020. Two in court for alleged illegal diamond trading.

The pangolin skin is valued at about N$50 000 while the value and authenticity of the unpolished diamonds is yet to be determined by the police.

Friday, 11 December 2020
David M 2020. Two arrested with unpolished diamonds.

Two men, that attempted to sell seven unpolished diamonds and a pangolin skin, were arrested in Tsumeb during a sting operation earlier this week. The 30-year-old and 50-year-old suspects were apprehended during an undercover operation staged by the Protected Resources Sub Division of the Namibian Police. The Regional Police Commander, Commissioner Armas Shivute said the duo were found with one pangolin skin valued at N$ 50 000 and seven unpolished diamonds of which the value still has to be determined.

Thursday, 10 December 2020
2020. 12 elephants killed in Tanzania by poachers.

At least 12 elephants have been killed in Tanzania in the past three months in what the country's national parks watchdog has described as a new wave of poaching.

Thursday, 10 December 2020
Eock P 2020. Cameroon: The arrest of six presumed traffickers of ivory.

The suspects belong to an organized ivory trafficking network whose ramifications extend as far as Nigeria. Six suspected ivory traffickers were arrested in early December in the eastern region of Cameroon, in a joint operation by the departmental delegation of the Ministry of Forests and Wildlife and the police. This operation was carried out with technical assistance from LAGA, an NGO specializing in law enforcement on wildlife. Two of the suspects were arrested on December 2 in Bertoua, the regional capital, with four ivory tusks, two of which came from baby…

Tuesday, 8 December 2020
Raiva F 2020. Mozambique: Seven arrested on poaching related charges in Sofala.

Two teachers and five other people from Muanza district in Sofala province, including a smallholder and a public administration technician, were arrested this weekend while trying to sell two elephant tusks and the skin of a leopard for 44,000 meticais (24,000 for the tusks and 20,000 for leopard skin).

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