ecosystem type

Ecosystems can be classified according to various criteria: from the point of view of energy source, two major types of ecosystems can be distinguished. Autotrophic ecosystems have primary producers as a principal component and sunlight has the major initial energy source; etherotrophic ecosystems depend upon preformed organic matter that is imported from autotrophic ecosystems elsewhere. Ecosystems can also be classified in terrestrial, marine and freshwater. (Source: PARCOR)



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Thomas DSG, Shaw PA 1991. The Kalahari Environment.
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The_Kalahari_Environment.pdf 18.68 MB
Holm E, Scholtz CH 1980. Structure and pattern of the Namib Desert dune ecosystem at Gobabeb. Madoqua 12 (1) 5-39
Ludwig JA, Coughenour MB, Liedloff AC, Dyer R 2001. Modelling the resilience of Australian savanna systems to grazing impacts. Environment International 27 167-172
2002. 4.01 Biomes in Africa.
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Fig 4.01 Biomes in Africa.zip 143.89 KB
Irish J 1994. The biomes of Namibia, as determined by objective categorisation. Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum Bloemfontein 10 (13) 549 - 592
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The biomes of Namibia_as determined by objective categorisation.pdf 4.32 MB