The NCSA Action Plan has been prepared recognising that for all Namibians, but particularly rural Namibians, ecological integrity of the land they live on is crucial to their existence and livelihoods. Poverty reduction is a key concern to Namibia, as about 38% (Shanyengana, 2004) of 11 the population live below the poverty line. Poverty is on the increase, especially in some rural areas. Implementation of the Rio Conventions and environmental management in Namibia must address poverty reduction as a strategy to reduce vulnerabilities of the poor. Loss of biodiversity and its goods and services, desertification/land degradation, as well as the negative impacts of climate change expected over the longer term put poor people greater and greater at risk, and reduce their livelihood options.