Estimates were calculated using DISTANCE which takes account in drop-off in detectability of animals with distance from the transect line. Where there are no values too few observations were recorded to allow for meaningful estimates to be derived. Attempts should be made to fill these gaps. Kwandu conservancy differs from the other 3 more strictly protected areas in that it contains a significant human presence. It is not expected to have the same species densities, but it is an important wildlife corridor between the national parks. Linear trends for most species suggest wildlife numbers in the joint management area are fairly stable. The parks that make up the KAZA conservation area are important for two reasons: 1. They collectively contain a high diversity of species 2. Some species occur in higher densities in some parks compared to others (as a result of differences in habitat composition). The combined conservation approach boosts the overall representation of each species.