A taxonomic revision of the genus Cineraria L. (Asteraceae, Senecioneae) is presented. Thirty-five species are recognised, the majority from southern Africa, with C. deltoidea occurring throughout the highlands of southern and East Africa, C. abyssinica in Ethiopia, Yemen and Saudi Arabia and C. anampoza endemic to Madagascar. Two new species, four new subspecies and a new variety are described: C. magnicephala Cron from Malawi and C. ngwenyensis Cron from Swaziland, C. alchemilloides DC. subsp. namibiensis Cron from Namibia, C. lobata L'Hér. subsp. platyptera Cron from the Eastern Cape, C. lobata L'Hér. subsp. lasiocaulis Cron from the Karoo region of the Northern Cape and Western Cape, C. lobata L'Hér. subsp. soutpansbergensis Cron from the Soutpansberg centre of endemism and C. erodioides DC. var. tomentosa Cron from Limpopo Province, South Africa. Two subvarieties of C. anampoza have been reduced to forms. Fourteen species have been excluded from the genus. The taxonomic history, morphology, distribution, ecology, uses and conservation status of the genus and species are discussed and dichomotous keys to species and infraspecific taxa are included. Keywords. Cineraria, Compositae, Senecioneae, Asteraceae, revision, dichotomous keys.