Title:

Multi-scale assessment of habitat use by Black Rhinos (Diceros bicornis Linnaeus 1758) in north west Namibia

Author(s):
Publication Year:
2008
Abstract:

The African black rhinoceros, once widespread across Africa, has suffered a massive reduction both in numbers and range during the 20th century, mainly due to intensive poaching (Harley et al.,2005) and due to the conversion of suitable habitat for agricultural use (Hearn, 2004). The SADC Rhino Management Group (RMG) made up of four countries; South Africa, Namibia, Swaziland and Zimbabwe, has a target to conserve an estimated 81% of Africa's remaining rhinos, which includes conservation of 100% of Namibia's black rhino (Diceros bicornis bicornis) (Harley et al. 2005). In South Africa, there is a growing concern that some wildlife species may face extinction if the use of natural resources by rural people in the nature reserves destroys the habitat of wildlife (Harley et al., 2005). Through habitat destruction and subsequent fragmentation of populations, the ecological groupings of black rhinoceros have become separated for at least the last century and possibly longer. It is no doubt that habitat assessment is one of the conservation vehicles for wildlife management. Ecological and genetic studies that provide data on the environmental factors influencing the distribution and viability of wildlife populations are therefore crucial for science-based conservation planning (Banks et al., 2005). In general, habitats vary in their geomorphological characteristics such as topography, geological formations and soil types, as well as the associated vegetation. The availability of water plays an important role in habitat preference for animals (Bothma, 1990), especially in arid regions. Habitat selection is usually a behavioral consequence of animals actively selecting where they live, or passively persisting in certain habitats. Ultimately, however, resource-use patterns are a consequence of the influence of selection on survival and reproduction, which determine fitness in various habitats (Boyce and McDonald, 1999). Woodland-grassland ecosystems appear to be dynamic, with factors such as browsing, fire and rainfall being critical in determining whether habitat will be stable or subject to rapid change (Birkett, 2002). Species composition and structure are the components of the vegetation that form an important part of the habitat. The plant species that constitute the vegetation will determine the suitability of a habitat. Habitat choices by large herbivores are especially associated with abundance of high quality food resources and hence with nutrient-rich soils.

Place:
University of Namibia and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Type:
Master of Science in Biodiversity Management and Research
Item Type:
Thesis
Language:
en