The key to effective community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) has been major changes in policy and legislation that, to a greater or lesser extent, devolve power, authority, managerial rights and benefits to local communities. Brian Jones, David Mulolani and Brian Child discuss the process of changing policy and practice at the national level, but leave the actual analysis of policy to more academic journals. They focus on ways of involving local communities in the policy process. It is the regional wildlife authorities that have driven the process of devolution, and while diversification into other natural resources is a constant theme, this and other chapters reflect the reality that it is the wildlife policies that have been most innovative. Keywords: CBNRM, conservation, policy, poverty, marketing, tourism, quota setting, revenue distribution, monitoring, mapping, theatre, finance, training.