Biosystematics is the science of identifying and naming living organisms. At least 16790 different kinds of plants and animals are already known from Namibia. This total represents only a small proportion of what actually occurs, and it is expected that further study will lead to the discovery of many more new species. The Brandberg 'Gladiator' (Mantophasmatodea), which made international headlines in 2002, is indicative of the level of scientific discovery still awaiting Namibian biosystematists. But biosystematics is not just about science. It is also an essential component of sustainable economic development. Natural resources need to be utilised sustainably, instead of exploited unsustainably. Sustainable utilisation of natural resources needs to be based on sound scientific assessments, including the use of environmental indicators. Where the latter are species, accurate identifications are essential before they can fulfil their function. Biosystematics provides the identifications on which sustainable development can be built. Namibia's biosystematic services are primarily rendered by the National Museum and the National Herbarium, and secondarily by individuals scattered in other ministries, private citizens, and foreign visiting scientists. Over the years, these National institutions have built up a proud record, but they need continued support to meet the biosystematic demands of a 21st century Namibia. These proceedings represent the results of a participatory process involving wide consultation with all major stakeholders, in which these needs were identified, defined and explored.