In 2005-06, the CSIR contributed to a study led by Phillips Robinson and Associates of Namibia, on behalf of the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs1. The investigation addressed cooperation and conflict in trans-boundary basins, and also the potential for benefit-sharing (as opposed to the volumetric allocation of trans-boundary waters). Three case studies were included: the Jordan River; the Kagera River, extending to the Nile as a whole; and the Mekong River. Keywords: Inter-SEDE, Trans-boundary basins, Stockholm water week, 13-17 August 2007.