Chamaegigas intrepidus DINTER is a tiny poikilohydric member of the Scrophulariaceae growing endemically in ephemeral rock pools on granite outcrops in Central Namibia. Environmental conditions are complex and extreme: (1) frequent and rapid desiccation and rehydration during the rainy summer season, (2) complete dehydration during the dry winter season lasting up to 11 months, (3) intensive solar irradiation and high temperatures during the dry season, (4) diurnal oscillations of pH in the pool water between pH 6 and 12, and (5) extreme nutrient deficiencies, especially of nitrogen. Anatomical, biochemical and physiological adaptations to this complex of extreme environmental conditions are discussed. The extreme environmental conditions with the very short period for physiological activity imply specific adaptations for generative reproduction. In this context, flower morphology and its importance for interactions with potential pollinators and the implications for gene flow for this endemic species from ephemeral and highly isolated habitats are discussed.