In many developing countries, poor and marginalised groups depend on natural resources for their livelihoods and shelter. Pro-poor natural resource tenure is therefore crucial to poverty reduction, achievement of the Millennium Development Goals and full realisation of human rights. Sida has an important role to play in supporting efforts to achieve these goals. This paper outlines Sida's position on natural resource tenure and provides guidance for activities where tenure issues are at stake. Rather than providing solutions, the paper aims to support Sida staff and partners in their own analysis and dialogue, and in their development and implementation of policies and programmes.