The first two phases of SMIP led to the development of a range of improved technologies. During Phase III (1993-98), the priority was therefore to promote the transfer of these technologies (primarily improved sorghum and pearl millet varieties) to smallholder farmers. The three key components of technology exchange activities were: verification of technology under farmers' conditions; backstop support for national seed production and distribution; and review and revision of extension recommendations. These activities were implemented largely by the national research and extension programs. SMIP acted as catalyst and facilitator, focusing on areas where the regional program could be of greatest assistance to national initiatives.