In the [first] decade, management of the hake resource has been confounded by uncertainties surrounding the size of the resource. There were two conflicting estimates of abundance, depending on whether the survey or the commercial [data] was used, complicating the recommendation of a [total allowable catch]. The survey index indicates - that the population is currently overexploited. In contrast, the estimate obtained from a surplus-production model, based on commercial catch and effort data, indicates that abundance is currently close to pristine levels. (Van der Westhuizen: 313).