Title:

Kimberlite indicator minerals of the Gibeon Kimberlite Province (GKP), southern Namibia: Their character and distribution in kimberlite intrusions and fluvial sediments

Author(s):
Publication Year:
2004
Abstract:

The GKP of southern Namibia comprises about 75 pipes of Cretaceous age, which were emplaced off-craton. This study deals with the character and distribution of macrocrystic kimberlite indicator minerals (KIM), and how distribution was modified during transport under semi-arid conditions. Samples were taken from kimberlite intrusions (pipes/dykes) and downstream from traps within small and large rivers. Ilmenite, garnet and Cr-diopside grains occur (within the intrusions) mostly as angular fragments and more rarely as complete crystals, whereas, chromite displays resorbed corners. Ilmenite generally amounts to more than 50 % of the relative abundance of the indicator minerals, but varies from less than 1% to as much as 87%. Garnet varies from generally less than 45% up to 95%, Crdiopside from generally less than 2% up to of 30%, while chromite-content is normally less than 1%. In addition, there is a difference between the relative abundances of KIM in the 0.5-1 mm and 1-2 mm fractions of the pipes. The finer size fraction is marked by a higher abundance of chromite, Cr-diopside and purplish pyrope garnet and the coarser fraction by ilmenite. The distance downstream from the source at which alteration products (e.g. keliphytic rims and pitting texture) and/or primary textural features (e.g. orange-peel surface) were removed or abraded from KIM grains varies at each locality. This appears to be correlated to the lithology of the country rock and to the fluvial energy of the drainage network system. Cr-diopside and orange garnet generally disappear within 3 km downstream, while ilmenite and pyrope garnet have been traced for more than 12 km. In areas where the country rock comprises quartzite and Dwyka tillites, the KIM dispersion halo is more tightly constrained around the source than in shale-dominated areas, where dispersion is wider. Milling of KIM by coarse clasts during high-energy transport, as well as the better development of trap sites in quartzites and tillites relative to shale, is a probable explanation for this circumstance.

Publication Title:

Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia

Publisher:
Geological Survey of Namibia
Volume:
13
Pages:
33-42
Item Type:
Journal Article
Language:
en
Keywords: