Carnivore populations face threats from increasing human populations and rapidly diminishing, suitable habitat. Large carnivores such as African lions (Panthera leo) commonly range outside of their protected areas and attack livestock on adjacent farmlands. This can lead to human-carnivore conflict (HCC) events often resulting in retaliatory lion killings. HCC retaliation by poisoning the offending animals is highly costly to lions due to the species’ group hunting and feeding habits. Conflict has thus been identified as a primary driver of wild lion population declines, estimated to have globally decreased by 43% in the last 20 years. Etosha National Park (ENP) in Namibia is an IUCN designated Lion Conservation Unit and is home to the country's largest surviving and only stable lion population. Lions frequently cross onto farmlands bordering ENP causing HCC, leading to ~30 to 50 HCC lion mortalities annually; ~10% of Etosha’s lion population is lost to HCC each year. Park officials are further concerned with the recent, simultaneous increase in HCC events and decrease in communication from farmers regarding problem animals. The aim of this dissertation was to (1) develop a baseline understanding of the spatial ecology of the resident lion population in Etosha National Park using GPS location data from lion satellite collars and (2) to analyze patterns of HCC involving Etosha lions in relation to farm types and land use practices around Etosha’s boundaries. Twenty-one GPS satellite collars were fitted to lions in the Southern and Western boundaries of ENP where the most conflict is occurring. Analyses showed considerable variation in lion home range size and ranging behavior outside of park boundaries between individuals, but no significant difference between seasons. Home range utilization distributions showed a consistent, frequent use of the landscape around known annual waterpoints suggesting that lion landscape use is driven by water availability inside ENP. Analyses of historical HCC records showed a steady increase in HCC resulting in lion mortalities from 1975-2017 with the majority (~70%) of events occurring on commercial livestock and game farms. Large data gaps from 2005-2017 were consistent with park management’s concerns of underreporting. Changes in dominant land use and farm type caused by Namibian land reform initiatives passed in 2003 may be to blame. Human landscape level changes around ENP are altering the social, political, and physical landscape impacting HCC and Etosha lion survival. Further assessments should use combinedspatial-statistical modeling techniques to examine how specific landscape attributes and land use types influence lion distribution, home range, HCC, and subsequent lion mortalities around ENP.