Namibia is the most arid country south of the Sahara, yet 45 species of anurans are known, and a further l5 are expected to be found there. The northern assemblage consists of highly water-dependent species in the Caprivi that originate from rich faunas in Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Mozambique and Zaire. The southern assemblage which is partially arid-adapted originates from the rich Namaqualand fauna as well as from the Orange River watershed. Keywords: Benguella currunt-induced fogs, Coast desert, Conservation status, Desert Rain Frog, Environmental health, Fossorial dwarf bufonid, Hyper-arid, Perennial rivers as conduits, Species-locality records, Terrestrial Bufo species, Tomopierna species.