Two new species of the genus Schistostoma Becker are described from southern Africa : S. brandbergensis sp. n. and S. kalkgat sp. n. The validity of recognising Schistostoma as a distinct genus is re-investigated and confirmed. S. albopilosum (Becker), comb. n., is transferred from Microphor Macquart to Schistostoma. Within Schistostoma, a new species group is proposed. The phylogeny and distribution of Schistostoma are briefly discussed. Keywords: Diptera, Dolichopodidae, Empidoidea, Mediterranean, Namibia, New species, Schistostoma, South Africa, Taxonomy.