Between 1991 and 1995,242 crowned cormorant Phalacrocorax corona/lis chicks were banded at Malgas Island with metal and colour rings. At least 10 subsequently bred before 4 April 1996. First-year birds had juvenile plumage, but when about one year old they attained the plumage of immature birds and of non-breeding adults. The youngest age at breeding was about one year, but many birds did not breed until aged 1~-2 years and some may not have bred before they were three years old.