Title:

Report: A preliminary regional sulphur isotope study of selected samples from mineralised deposits of the Damara Orogen, Namibia

Publication Year:
1993
Abstract:

The Damara Orogen, which is one of the late Proterozoic Pan-African orogenic belts, is extensively mineralised. The mineral deposits of the orogen include a diverse range of types which can be related to an extensional phase and a convergence-collision phase. This paper reports preliminary sulphur isotopic data for a selected number of mineral deposits/prospects. These data add to those already reported and combined with field occurrences of the sulphides suggest a fivefold grouping of deposits: Group I deposits comprise early intracratonic infill which was overlain by widespread carbonate shelf deposits within which Mississippi Valley-type mineralisation was formed. A galena from near Usakos in the Central Zone gave δ34S +9.5‰. Other small deposits in the area may also have a similar origin or may be of possible skarn affinity (δ34S +3.8‰ to +10.9‰). The Otjihase and Elbe copper deposits are believed to represent exhalative deposits associated with mafic metavolcanics although sulphur isotope data do not indicate a simple magmatic source (δ34S +7.8‰ to +9.4‰). Group 2 deposits are orogenic magmatic-related. The formation of hydrothermal mineral deposits can be related to the northwest subduction of the Kalahari Plate below the Congo craton (Miller, 1983). In the high-temperature Central Zone, regional metamorphism reached 600°C and more than 200 plutons were emplaced. The Onguati and Brown Mountain marble-hosted Au-bearing hydrothermal quartz veins and stockworks carry a range of sulphide minerals with low δ34S (-1.2‰ ± 1.9‰) which may be granite-related. Group 3 deposits occur in the low-temperature Northern Zone of the orogen. Hydrothermal Sn-W-sulphide veins at Goantagab and Brandberg West are associated with small post-tectonic granitic stocks and show similar δ34S values to the granite-related mineralisation of the Central Zone. In both deposits, the δ34S values of chalcopyrite and pyrite show that the minerals are in disequilibrium. In contrast, at Ondundu, similar Au-bearing quartz veins to those at Onguati and Brown Mountain occur but are not obviously granite-related and associated pyrite shows a much higher δ34S value (+ 13.8‰). Group 4 sulphides are from the abundant occurrences of Pb-Zn mineralisation in thick platform carbonates of the Northern Zone. Although Pb isotopes indicate an age of 600 Ma for Tsumeb and Kombat mines sulphur isotope data highlight a different source for the sulphur in these two deposits. Two sulphides from Kombat give low δ34S values (born δ34S -10.4‰, cpy -9.9‰) whereas the δ34S of Tsumeb galenas (δ34S 22.4‰, 22.7‰) lie close to the δ34S value for sea water at the time. Group 5 sulphides are sparsely disseminated in Mesozoic anorogenic alkaline complexes that are related to the break-up of Gondwanaland. These show low values of δ34S (+1.2‰ to 1.35‰)

Publication Title:

Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia

Publisher:
Geological Survey of Namibia
Volume:
8
Pages:
87-104
Item Type:
Journal Article
Language:
en
Keywords:

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