Title:

A misfit Cryogenian diamictite in the Vrede domes, Northern Damara Zone, Namibia: Chuos (Sturtian) or Ghaub (Marinoan) Formation? Moraine or Palaeovalley?

Publication Year:
2016
Abstract:

A wedge-shaped mass of glacigenic diamicite up to 220 m thick is exposed in the southwestern part of the more southerly of two structural domes on Vrede Farm, in the northwestern corner of the Northern Zone of the Damara Belt. The clasts and matrix of the diamictite are sourced mainly from the crystalline basement, which is characteristic of the older Cryogenian (Sturtian) Chuos Formation. The Chuos glaciation coincided with crustal stretching and uplift of basement blocks, while the younger Cryogenian (Marinoan) Ghaub glaciation occurred during passive-margin subsidence. The Ghaub glaciation generated diamictite derived nearly exclusively from carbonate rocks of the directly underlying Abenab Subgroup. However, the apex of the wedge of diamictite at Vrede is directly overlain by the basal Ediacaran Keilberg 'cap dolostone' Member of the Karibib Formation. Accordingly, the diamictite was assigned to the Ghaub Formation, despite its 'misfit' composition. To test this assignment, we measured 20 closely-spaced stratigraphic sections around the Vrede domes, including 15 sections in the southern dome, where we 'walked out' the thin (<4.3 m) Rasthof Formation, the lithologically-distinctive post-Chuos 'cap carbonate.' We show unequivocally that the wedge of diamictite stratigraphically underlies the Rasthof 'cap carbonate' and is therefore Chuos (Sturtian) in age, consistent with its composition. The apex of the wedge is truncated by the sub-Ghaub erosion surface, which is overlain by 0-5.5 m of carbonate diamictite (Ghaub Formation) and the Keilberg 'cap dolostone' Member. The wedge of diamictite has an aspect ratio of 0.15 and did not fill a palaeovalley because no incision is observed in the underlying Ugab Subgroup. We conclude that it originated as a moraine-like buildup, presumably at a stable ice margin or grounding line, and was ultimately buried by basinal argillaceous sediments of the Narachaams Member during the nonglacial interlude between the Sturtian and Marinoan glaciations. It was erosionally decapitated during the Ghaub glaciation by an ice sheet that left little diamictite in the Vrede domes area. Our work illustrates the importance of measuring multiple, closely-spaced, stratigraphic sections for the interpretation of Cryogenian glacial stratigraphy. Keywords: Neoproterozoic, Sturtian glaciation, diamictite, moraine.

Publication Title:

Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia

Publisher:
Geological Survey of Namibia
Volume:
17
Pages:
1-16
Item Type:
Journal Article
Keywords: