Tensions between trophy hunting, sport/conservation hunting, invasive mammal species control and compassionate conservation highlight the rising worldwide issue in the wildlife management and the tourism sector. Hunting, either for food or recreation, has played a significant role in the development of the conservation movement from its inception. While initially considered part of wildlife tourism, some ‘conservation hunting’ focuses exclusively on trophy hunting, especially iconic species, often justified to generate conservation benefits and revenue for the local community. Exploitation to incentivise protection has many proponents, but the trade-off at a population level for the protection of animal lives has considerable ethical and practical challenges. Further, trophy hunting can also drive population-level changes that may cause population collapse. Here we discuss trophy hunting practice in Nepal, New Zealand and compare the harvesting approaches in native and introduce range countries. Keywords: Trophy hunting, conservation, tahr, blue sheep.