The report concluded that the four African countries it assessed - Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania and Botswana—did have frameworks that could ensure trophy hunting benefits conservation, but that the implementation of the framework had not produced the desired results. Of these four countries, only Namibia had demonstrated "communal conservation efforts and increase [of] some wildlife populations through selective trophy hunting". The report stated that, on the whole, trophy hunting was having a negative impact on the lion population in sub-Saharan Africa.