Consequently, we sought to determine the nature of LL behaviour in other predatory birds. In incidental observations of nine raptors and two corvids (Table l), we noted details of LL interactions ("initiator","recipient", territory holder, time of day, relative windspeed and ambient temperature). A "leg-lowering" was defined as a single downward extension of the tarsi and subsequent retraction; a "bout" encompassed all leglowerings until the bird landed or changed activities.